1000 lines
53 KiB
XML
1000 lines
53 KiB
XML
<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
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[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
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<chapter id='adt-prepare'>
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<title>Preparing for Application Development</title>
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<para>
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In order to develop applications, you need set up your host development system.
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Several ways exist that allow you to install cross-development tools, QEMU, the
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Eclipse Yocto Plug-in, and other tools.
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This chapter describes how to prepare for application development.
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</para>
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<section id='installing-the-adt'>
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<title>Installing the ADT and Toolchains</title>
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<para>
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The following list describes installation methods that set up varying
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degrees of tool availability on your system.
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Regardless of the installation method you choose,
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you must <filename>source</filename> the cross-toolchain
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environment setup script, which establishes several key
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environment variables, before you use a toolchain.
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See the
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"<link linkend='setting-up-the-cross-development-environment'>Setting Up the Cross-Development Environment</link>"
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section for more information.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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Avoid mixing installation methods when installing toolchains for
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different architectures.
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For example, avoid using the ADT Installer to install some
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toolchains and then hand-installing cross-development toolchains
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by running the toolchain installer for different architectures.
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Mixing installation methods can result in situations where the
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ADT Installer becomes unreliable and might not install the
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toolchain.
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</para>
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<para>
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If you must mix installation methods, you might avoid problems by
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deleting <filename>/var/lib/opkg</filename>, thus purging the
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<filename>opkg</filename> package metadata.
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</para>
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</note>
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<para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Use the ADT installer script:</emphasis>
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This method is the recommended way to install the ADT because it
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automates much of the process for you.
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For example, you can configure the installation to install the QEMU emulator
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and the user-space NFS, specify which root filesystem profiles to download,
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and define the target sysroot location.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Use an existing toolchain:</emphasis>
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Using this method, you select and download an architecture-specific
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toolchain installer and then run the script to hand-install the toolchain.
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If you use this method, you just get the cross-toolchain and QEMU - you do not
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get any of the other mentioned benefits had you run the ADT Installer script.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Use the toolchain from within the Build Directory:</emphasis>
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If you already have a
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>,
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you can build the cross-toolchain within the directory.
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However, like the previous method mentioned, you only get the cross-toolchain and QEMU - you
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do not get any of the other benefits without taking separate steps.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<section id='using-the-adt-installer'>
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<title>Using the ADT Installer</title>
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<para>
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To run the ADT Installer, you need to get the ADT Installer tarball, be sure
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you have the necessary host development packages that support the ADT Installer,
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and then run the ADT Installer Script.
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</para>
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<para>
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For a list of the host packages needed to support ADT installation and use, see the
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"ADT Installer Extras" lists in the
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"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#required-packages-for-the-host-development-system'>Required Packages for the Host Development System</ulink>" section
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of the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
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</para>
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<section id='getting-the-adt-installer-tarball'>
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<title>Getting the ADT Installer Tarball</title>
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<para>
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The ADT Installer is contained in the ADT Installer tarball.
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You can get the tarball using either of these methods:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Download the Tarball:</emphasis>
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You can download the tarball from
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_ADTINSTALLER_DL_URL;'></ulink> into
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any directory.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Build the Tarball:</emphasis>
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You can use
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#bitbake-term'>BitBake</ulink>
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to generate the tarball inside an existing
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
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</para>
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<para>If you use BitBake to generate the ADT Installer
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tarball, you must <filename>source</filename> the
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environment setup script
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(<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
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or
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>)
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located in the Source Directory before running the
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<filename>bitbake</filename> command that creates the
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tarball.</para>
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<para>The following example commands establish
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the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>,
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check out the current release branch, set up the
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build environment while also creating the default
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Build Directory, and run the
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<filename>bitbake</filename> command that results in the
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tarball
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<filename>poky/build/tmp/deploy/sdk/adt_installer.tar.bz2</filename>:
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<note>
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Before using BitBake to build the ADT tarball, be
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sure to make sure your
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<filename>local.conf</filename> file is properly
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configured.
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See the
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"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#user-configuration'>User Configuration</ulink>"
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section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual for
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general configuration information.
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</note>
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ cd ~
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$ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky
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$ cd poky
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$ git checkout -b &DISTRO_NAME; origin/&DISTRO_NAME;
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$ source &OE_INIT_FILE;
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$ bitbake adt-installer
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</literallayout></para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section id='configuring-and-running-the-adt-installer-script'>
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<title>Configuring and Running the ADT Installer Script</title>
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<para>
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Before running the ADT Installer script, you need to unpack the tarball.
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You can unpack the tarball in any directory you wish.
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For example, this command copies the ADT Installer tarball from where
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it was built into the home directory and then unpacks the tarball into
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a top-level directory named <filename>adt-installer</filename>:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ cd ~
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$ cp poky/build/tmp/deploy/sdk/adt_installer.tar.bz2 $HOME
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$ tar -xjf adt_installer.tar.bz2
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</literallayout>
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Unpacking it creates the directory <filename>adt-installer</filename>,
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which contains the ADT Installer script (<filename>adt_installer</filename>)
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and its configuration file (<filename>adt_installer.conf</filename>).
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</para>
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<para>
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Before you run the script, however, you should examine the ADT Installer configuration
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file and be sure you are going to get what you want.
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Your configurations determine which kernel and filesystem image are downloaded.
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</para>
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<para>
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The following list describes the configurations you can define for the ADT Installer.
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For configuration values and restrictions, see the comments in
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the <filename>adt-installer.conf</filename> file:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_REPO</filename>: This area
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includes the IPKG-based packages and the root filesystem upon which
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the installation is based.
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If you want to set up your own IPKG repository pointed to by
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<filename>YOCTOADT_REPO</filename>, you need to be sure that the
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directory structure follows the same layout as the reference directory
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set up at <ulink url='http://adtrepo.yoctoproject.org'></ulink>.
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Also, your repository needs to be accessible through HTTP.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_TARGETS</filename>: The machine
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target architectures for which you want to set up cross-development
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environments.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_QEMU</filename>: Indicates whether
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or not to install the emulator QEMU.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_NFS_UTIL</filename>: Indicates whether
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or not to install user-mode NFS.
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If you plan to use the Eclipse IDE Yocto plug-in against QEMU,
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you should install NFS.
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<note>To boot QEMU images using our userspace NFS server, you need
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to be running <filename>portmap</filename> or <filename>rpcbind</filename>.
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If you are running <filename>rpcbind</filename>, you will also need to add the
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<filename>-i</filename> option when <filename>rpcbind</filename> starts up.
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Please make sure you understand the security implications of doing this.
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You might also have to modify your firewall settings to allow
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NFS booting to work.</note></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_ROOTFS_</filename><replaceable>arch</replaceable>: The root
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filesystem images you want to download from the
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<filename>YOCTOADT_IPKG_REPO</filename> repository.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_TARGET_SYSROOT_IMAGE_</filename><replaceable>arch</replaceable>: The
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particular root filesystem used to extract and create the target sysroot.
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The value of this variable must have been specified with
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<filename>YOCTOADT_ROOTFS_</filename><replaceable>arch</replaceable>.
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For example, if you downloaded both <filename>minimal</filename> and
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<filename>sato-sdk</filename> images by setting
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<filename>YOCTOADT_ROOTFS_</filename><replaceable>arch</replaceable>
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to "minimal sato-sdk", then <filename>YOCTOADT_ROOTFS_</filename><replaceable>arch</replaceable>
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must be set to either "minimal" or "sato-sdk".
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_TARGET_SYSROOT_LOC_</filename><replaceable>arch</replaceable>: The
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location on the development host where the target sysroot is created.
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<para>
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After you have configured the <filename>adt_installer.conf</filename> file,
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run the installer using the following command:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ cd adt-installer
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$ ./adt_installer
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</literallayout>
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Once the installer begins to run, you are asked to enter the
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location for cross-toolchain installation.
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The default location is
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<filename>/opt/poky/</filename><replaceable>release</replaceable>.
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After either accepting the default location or selecting your
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own location, you are prompted to run the installation script
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interactively or in silent mode.
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If you want to closely monitor the installation,
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choose “I” for interactive mode rather than “S” for silent mode.
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Follow the prompts from the script to complete the installation.
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</para>
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<para>
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Once the installation completes, the ADT, which includes the
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cross-toolchain, is installed in the selected installation
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directory.
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You will notice environment setup files for the cross-toolchain
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in the installation directory, and image tarballs in the
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<filename>adt-installer</filename> directory according to your
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installer configurations, and the target sysroot located
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according to the
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<filename>YOCTOADT_TARGET_SYSROOT_LOC_</filename><replaceable>arch</replaceable>
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variable also in your configuration file.
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</para>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section id='using-an-existing-toolchain-tarball'>
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<title>Using a Cross-Toolchain Tarball</title>
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<para>
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If you want to simply install a cross-toolchain by hand, you can
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do so by running the toolchain installer.
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The installer includes the pre-built cross-toolchain, the
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<filename>runqemu</filename> script, and support files.
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If you use this method to install the cross-toolchain, you
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might still need to install the target sysroot by installing and
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extracting it separately.
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For information on how to install the sysroot, see the
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"<link linkend='extracting-the-root-filesystem'>Extracting the Root Filesystem</link>" section.
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</para>
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<para>
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Follow these steps:
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Get your toolchain installer using one of the following methods:</emphasis>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>Go to
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_TOOLCHAIN_DL_URL;'></ulink>
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and find the folder that matches your host
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development system (i.e. <filename>i686</filename>
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for 32-bit machines or <filename>x86_64</filename>
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for 64-bit machines).</para>
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<para>Go into that folder and download the toolchain
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installer whose name includes the appropriate target
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architecture.
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The toolchains provided by the Yocto Project
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are based off of the
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<filename>core-image-sato</filename> image and
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contain libraries appropriate for developing
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against that image.
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For example, if your host development system is a
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64-bit x86 system and you are going to use
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your cross-toolchain for a 32-bit x86
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target, go into the <filename>x86_64</filename>
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folder and download the following installer:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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poky-glibc-x86_64-core-image-sato-i586-toolchain-&DISTRO;.sh
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</literallayout></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Build your own toolchain installer.
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For cases where you cannot use an installer
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from the download area, you can build your own as
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described in the
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"<link linkend='optionally-building-a-toolchain-installer'>Optionally Building a Toolchain Installer</link>"
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section.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Once you have the installer, run it to install the toolchain:</emphasis>
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<note>
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You must change the permissions on the toolchain
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installer script so that it is executable.
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</note></para>
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<para>The following command shows how to run the installer
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given a toolchain tarball for a 64-bit x86 development host
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system and a 32-bit x86 target architecture.
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The example assumes the toolchain installer is located
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in <filename>~/Downloads/</filename>.
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ ~/Downloads/poky-glibc-x86_64-core-image-sato-i586-toolchain-&DISTRO;.sh
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</literallayout>
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The first thing the installer prompts you for is the
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directory into which you want to install the toolchain.
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The default directory used is
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<filename>/opt/poky/&DISTRO;</filename>.
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If you do not have write permissions for the directory
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into which you are installing the toolchain, the
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toolchain installer notifies you and exits.
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Be sure you have write permissions in the directory and
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run the installer again.</para>
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<para>When the script finishes, the cross-toolchain is
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installed.
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You will notice environment setup files for the
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cross-toolchain in the installation directory.
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</para></listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section id='using-the-toolchain-from-within-the-build-tree'>
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<title>Using BitBake and the Build Directory</title>
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<para>
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A final way of making the cross-toolchain available is to use BitBake
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to generate the toolchain within an existing
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
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This method does not install the toolchain into the default
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<filename>/opt</filename> directory.
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As with the previous method, if you need to install the target sysroot, you must
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do that separately as well.
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</para>
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<para>
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Follow these steps to generate the toolchain into the Build Directory:
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Set up the Build Environment:</emphasis>
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Source the OpenEmbedded build environment setup
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script (i.e.
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
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or
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>)
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located in the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Check your Local Configuration File:</emphasis>
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At this point, you should be sure that the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink> variable
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in the <filename>local.conf</filename> file found in the
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<filename>conf</filename> directory of the Build Directory
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is set for the target architecture.
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Comments within the <filename>local.conf</filename> file
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list the values you can use for the
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<filename>MACHINE</filename> variable.
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If you do not change the <filename>MACHINE</filename>
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variable, the OpenEmbedded build system uses
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<filename>qemux86</filename> as the default target
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machine when building the cross-toolchain.
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<note>
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You can populate the Build Directory with the
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cross-toolchains for more than a single architecture.
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You just need to edit the <filename>MACHINE</filename>
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variable in the <filename>local.conf</filename> file and
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re-run the <filename>bitbake</filename> command.
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</note></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Make Sure Your Layers are Enabled:</emphasis>
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Examine the <filename>conf/bblayers.conf</filename> file
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and make sure that you have enabled all the compatible
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layers for your target machine.
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The OpenEmbedded build system needs to be aware of each
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layer you want included when building images and
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cross-toolchains.
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For information on how to enable a layer, see the
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"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#enabling-your-layer'>Enabling Your Layer</ulink>"
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section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Generate the Cross-Toolchain:</emphasis>
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Run <filename>bitbake meta-ide-support</filename> to
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complete the cross-toolchain generation.
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Once the <filename>bitbake</filename> command finishes,
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the cross-toolchain is
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generated and populated within the Build Directory.
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You will notice environment setup files for the
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cross-toolchain that contain the string
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"<filename>environment-setup</filename>" in the
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Build Directory's <filename>tmp</filename> folder.</para>
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<para>Be aware that when you use this method to install the
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toolchain, you still need to separately extract and install
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the sysroot filesystem.
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For information on how to do this, see the
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"<link linkend='extracting-the-root-filesystem'>Extracting the Root Filesystem</link>" section.
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</para></listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</para>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section id='setting-up-the-cross-development-environment'>
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<title>Setting Up the Cross-Development Environment</title>
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<para>
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Before you can develop using the cross-toolchain, you need to set up the
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cross-development environment by sourcing the toolchain's environment setup script.
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If you used the ADT Installer or hand-installed cross-toolchain,
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then you can find this script in the directory you chose for installation.
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For this release, the default installation directory is
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<filename>&YOCTO_ADTPATH_DIR;</filename>.
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If you installed the toolchain in the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>,
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you can find the environment setup
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script for the toolchain in the Build Directory's <filename>tmp</filename> directory.
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</para>
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<para>
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Be sure to run the environment setup script that matches the
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architecture for which you are developing.
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Environment setup scripts begin with the string
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"<filename>environment-setup</filename>" and include as part of their
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name the architecture.
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||
For example, the toolchain environment setup script for a 64-bit
|
||
IA-based architecture installed in the default installation directory
|
||
would be the following:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
&YOCTO_ADTPATH_DIR;/environment-setup-x86_64-poky-linux
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
When you run the setup script, many environment variables are
|
||
defined:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SDKTARGETSYSROOT'><filename>SDKTARGETSYSROOT</filename></ulink> - The path to the sysroot used for cross-compilation
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PKG_CONFIG_PATH'><filename>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</filename></ulink> - The path to the target pkg-config files
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CONFIG_SITE'><filename>CONFIG_SITE</filename></ulink> - A GNU autoconf site file preconfigured for the target
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CC'><filename>CC</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run the C compiler
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CXX'><filename>CXX</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run the C++ compiler
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CPP'><filename>CPP</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run the C preprocessor
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-AS'><filename>AS</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run the assembler
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LD'><filename>LD</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run the linker
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-GDB'><filename>GDB</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run the GNU Debugger
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-STRIP'><filename>STRIP</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run 'strip', which strips symbols
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-RANLIB'><filename>RANLIB</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run 'ranlib'
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-OBJCOPY'><filename>OBJCOPY</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run 'objcopy'
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-OBJDUMP'><filename>OBJDUMP</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run 'objdump'
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-AR'><filename>AR</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run 'ar'
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-NM'><filename>NM</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run 'nm'
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-TARGET_PREFIX'><filename>TARGET_PREFIX</filename></ulink> - The toolchain binary prefix for the target tools
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CROSS_COMPILE'><filename>CROSS_COMPILE</filename></ulink> - The toolchain binary prefix for the target tools
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CONFIGURE_FLAGS'><filename>CONFIGURE_FLAGS</filename></ulink> - The minimal arguments for GNU configure
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CFLAGS'><filename>CFLAGS</filename></ulink> - Suggested C flags
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CXXFLAGS'><filename>CXXFLAGS</filename></ulink> - Suggested C++ flags
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LDFLAGS'><filename>LDFLAGS</filename></ulink> - Suggested linker flags when you use CC to link
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CPPFLAGS'><filename>CPPFLAGS</filename></ulink> - Suggested preprocessor flags
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section id='securing-kernel-and-filesystem-images'>
|
||
<title>Securing Kernel and Filesystem Images</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
You will need to have a kernel and filesystem image to boot using your
|
||
hardware or the QEMU emulator.
|
||
Furthermore, if you plan on booting your image using NFS or you want to use the root filesystem
|
||
as the target sysroot, you need to extract the root filesystem.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<section id='getting-the-images'>
|
||
<title>Getting the Images</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
To get the kernel and filesystem images, you either have to build them or download
|
||
pre-built versions.
|
||
For an example of how to build these images, see the
|
||
"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#qs-buiding-images'>Buiding Images</ulink>"
|
||
section of the Yocto Project Quick Start.
|
||
For an example of downloading pre-build versions, see the
|
||
"<link linkend='using-pre-built'>Example Using Pre-Built Binaries and QEMU</link>"
|
||
section.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
The Yocto Project ships basic kernel and filesystem images for several
|
||
architectures (<filename>x86</filename>, <filename>x86-64</filename>,
|
||
<filename>mips</filename>, <filename>powerpc</filename>, and <filename>arm</filename>)
|
||
that you can use unaltered in the QEMU emulator.
|
||
These kernel images reside in the release
|
||
area - <ulink url='&YOCTO_MACHINES_DL_URL;'></ulink>
|
||
and are ideal for experimentation using Yocto Project.
|
||
For information on the image types you can build using the OpenEmbedded build system,
|
||
see the
|
||
"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-images'>Images</ulink>"
|
||
chapter in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
If you are planning on developing against your image and you are not
|
||
building or using one of the Yocto Project development images
|
||
(e.g. <filename>core-image-*-dev</filename>), you must be sure to
|
||
include the development packages as part of your image recipe.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
If you plan on remotely deploying and debugging your
|
||
application from within the Eclipse IDE, you must have an image
|
||
that contains the Yocto Target Communication Framework (TCF) agent
|
||
(<filename>tcf-agent</filename>).
|
||
You can do this by including the <filename>eclipse-debug</filename>
|
||
image feature.
|
||
<note>
|
||
See the
|
||
"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-features-image'>Image Features</ulink>"
|
||
section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual for information on
|
||
image features.
|
||
</note>
|
||
To include the <filename>eclipse-debug</filename> image feature,
|
||
modify your <filename>local.conf</filename> file in the
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
|
||
so that the
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></ulink>
|
||
variable includes the "eclipse-debug" feature.
|
||
After modifying the configuration file, you can rebuild the image.
|
||
Once the image is rebuilt, the <filename>tcf-agent</filename>
|
||
will be included in the image and is launched automatically after
|
||
the boot.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section id='extracting-the-root-filesystem'>
|
||
<title>Extracting the Root Filesystem</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
If you install your toolchain by hand or build it using BitBake and
|
||
you need a root filesystem, you need to extract it separately.
|
||
If you use the ADT Installer to install the ADT, the root
|
||
filesystem is automatically extracted and installed.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Here are some cases where you need to extract the root filesystem:
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para>You want to boot the image using NFS.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>You want to use the root filesystem as the
|
||
target sysroot.
|
||
For example, the Eclipse IDE environment with the Eclipse
|
||
Yocto Plug-in installed allows you to use QEMU to boot
|
||
under NFS.</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>You want to develop your target application
|
||
using the root filesystem as the target sysroot.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
To extract the root filesystem, first <filename>source</filename>
|
||
the cross-development environment setup script to establish
|
||
necessary environment variables.
|
||
If you built the toolchain in the Build Directory, you will find
|
||
the toolchain environment script in the
|
||
<filename>tmp</filename> directory.
|
||
If you installed the toolchain by hand, the environment setup
|
||
script is located in <filename>/opt/poky/&DISTRO;</filename>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
After sourcing the environment script, use the
|
||
<filename>runqemu-extract-sdk</filename> command and provide the
|
||
filesystem image.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Following is an example.
|
||
The second command sets up the environment.
|
||
In this case, the setup script is located in the
|
||
<filename>/opt/poky/&DISTRO;</filename> directory.
|
||
The third command extracts the root filesystem from a previously
|
||
built filesystem that is located in the
|
||
<filename>~/Downloads</filename> directory.
|
||
Furthermore, this command extracts the root filesystem into the
|
||
<filename>qemux86-sato</filename> directory:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ cd ~
|
||
$ source /opt/poky/&DISTRO;/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux
|
||
$ runqemu-extract-sdk \
|
||
~/Downloads/core-image-sato-sdk-qemux86-2011091411831.rootfs.tar.bz2 \
|
||
$HOME/qemux86-sato
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
You could now point to the target sysroot at
|
||
<filename>qemux86-sato</filename>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section id='optionally-building-a-toolchain-installer'>
|
||
<title>Optionally Building a Toolchain Installer</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
As an alternative to locating and downloading a toolchain installer,
|
||
you can build the toolchain installer if you have a
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
|
||
<note>
|
||
Although not the preferred method, it is also possible to use
|
||
<filename>bitbake meta-toolchain</filename> to build the toolchain
|
||
installer.
|
||
If you do use this method, you must separately install and extract
|
||
the target sysroot.
|
||
For information on how to install the sysroot, see the
|
||
"<link linkend='extracting-the-root-filesystem'>Extracting the Root Filesystem</link>"
|
||
section.
|
||
</note>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
To build the toolchain installer and populate the SDK image, use the
|
||
following command:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ bitbake <replaceable>image</replaceable> -c populate_sdk
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
The command results in a toolchain installer that contains the sysroot
|
||
that matches your target root filesystem.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Another powerful feature is that the toolchain is completely
|
||
self-contained.
|
||
The binaries are linked against their own copy of
|
||
<filename>libc</filename>, which results in no dependencies
|
||
on the target system.
|
||
To achieve this, the pointer to the dynamic loader is
|
||
configured at install time since that path cannot be dynamically
|
||
altered.
|
||
This is the reason for a wrapper around the
|
||
<filename>populate_sdk</filename> archive.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Another feature is that only one set of cross-canadian toolchain
|
||
binaries are produced per architecture.
|
||
This feature takes advantage of the fact that the target hardware can
|
||
be passed to <filename>gcc</filename> as a set of compiler options.
|
||
Those options are set up by the environment script and contained in
|
||
variables such as
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CC'><filename>CC</filename></ulink>
|
||
and
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LD'><filename>LD</filename></ulink>.
|
||
This reduces the space needed for the tools.
|
||
Understand, however, that a sysroot is still needed for every target
|
||
since those binaries are target-specific.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Remember, before using any BitBake command, you
|
||
must source the build environment setup script
|
||
(i.e.
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
|
||
or
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>)
|
||
located in the Source Directory and you must make sure your
|
||
<filename>conf/local.conf</filename> variables are correct.
|
||
In particular, you need to be sure the
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
|
||
variable matches the architecture for which you are building and that
|
||
the
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SDKMACHINE'><filename>SDKMACHINE</filename></ulink>
|
||
variable is correctly set if you are building a toolchain designed to
|
||
run on an architecture that differs from your current development host
|
||
machine (i.e. the build machine).
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
When the <filename>bitbake</filename> command completes, the toolchain
|
||
installer will be in
|
||
<filename>tmp/deploy/sdk</filename> in the Build Directory.
|
||
<note>
|
||
By default, this toolchain does not build static binaries.
|
||
If you want to use the toolchain to build these types of libraries,
|
||
you need to be sure your image has the appropriate static
|
||
development libraries.
|
||
Use the
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-IMAGE_INSTALL'><filename>IMAGE_INSTALL</filename></ulink>
|
||
variable inside your <filename>local.conf</filename> file to
|
||
install the appropriate library packages.
|
||
Following is an example using <filename>glibc</filename> static
|
||
development libraries:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " glibc-staticdev"
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
</note>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section id='optionally-using-an-external-toolchain'>
|
||
<title>Optionally Using an External Toolchain</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
You might want to use an external toolchain as part of your
|
||
development.
|
||
If this is the case, the fundamental steps you need to accomplish
|
||
are as follows:
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Understand where the installed toolchain resides.
|
||
For cases where you need to build the external toolchain, you
|
||
would need to take separate steps to build and install the
|
||
toolchain.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Make sure you add the layer that contains the toolchain to
|
||
your <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file through the
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BBLAYERS'><filename>BBLAYERS</filename></ulink>
|
||
variable.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Set the
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-EXTERNAL_TOOLCHAIN'><filename>EXTERNAL_TOOLCHAIN</filename></ulink>
|
||
variable in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file
|
||
to the location in which you installed the toolchain.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
A good example of an external toolchain used with the Yocto Project
|
||
is <trademark class='registered'>Mentor Graphics</trademark>
|
||
Sourcery G++ Toolchain.
|
||
You can see information on how to use that particular layer in the
|
||
<filename>README</filename> file at
|
||
<ulink url='http://github.com/MentorEmbedded/meta-sourcery/'></ulink>.
|
||
You can find further information by reading about the
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-TCMODE'><filename>TCMODE</filename></ulink>
|
||
variable in the Yocto Project Reference Manual's variable glossary.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section id='using-pre-built'>
|
||
<title>Example Using Pre-Built Binaries and QEMU</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
If hardware, libraries and services are stable, you can get started by using a pre-built binary
|
||
of the filesystem image, kernel, and toolchain and run it using the QEMU emulator.
|
||
This scenario is useful for developing application software.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<mediaobject>
|
||
<imageobject>
|
||
<imagedata fileref="figures/using-a-pre-built-image.png" format="PNG" align='center' scalefit='1'/>
|
||
</imageobject>
|
||
<caption>
|
||
<para>Using a Pre-Built Image</para>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</mediaobject>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
For this scenario, you need to do several things:
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para>Install the appropriate stand-alone toolchain tarball.</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Download the pre-built image that will boot with QEMU.
|
||
You need to be sure to get the QEMU image that matches your target machine’s
|
||
architecture (e.g. x86, ARM, etc.).</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Download the filesystem image for your target machine's architecture.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>Set up the environment to emulate the hardware and then start the QEMU emulator.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
<section id='installing-the-toolchain'>
|
||
<title>Installing the Toolchain</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
You can download a tarball installer, which includes the
|
||
pre-built toolchain, the <filename>runqemu</filename>
|
||
script, and support files from the appropriate directory under
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_TOOLCHAIN_DL_URL;'></ulink>.
|
||
Toolchains are available for 32-bit and 64-bit x86 development
|
||
systems from the <filename>i686</filename> and
|
||
<filename>x86_64</filename> directories, respectively.
|
||
The toolchains the Yocto Project provides are based off the
|
||
<filename>core-image-sato</filename> image and contain
|
||
libraries appropriate for developing against that image.
|
||
Each type of development system supports five or more target
|
||
architectures.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
The names of the tarball installer scripts are such that a
|
||
string representing the host system appears first in the
|
||
filename and then is immediately followed by a string
|
||
representing the target architecture.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
poky-glibc-<replaceable>host_system</replaceable>-<replaceable>image_type</replaceable>-<replaceable>arch</replaceable>-toolchain-<replaceable>release_version</replaceable>.sh
|
||
|
||
Where:
|
||
<replaceable>host_system</replaceable> is a string representing your development system:
|
||
|
||
i686 or x86_64.
|
||
|
||
<replaceable>image_type</replaceable> is a string representing the image you wish to
|
||
develop a Software Development Toolkit (SDK) for use against.
|
||
The Yocto Project builds toolchain installers using the
|
||
following BitBake command:
|
||
|
||
bitbake core-image-sato -c populate_sdk
|
||
|
||
<replaceable>arch</replaceable> is a string representing the tuned target architecture:
|
||
|
||
i586, x86_64, powerpc, mips, armv7a or armv5te
|
||
|
||
<replaceable>release_version</replaceable> is a string representing the release number of the
|
||
Yocto Project:
|
||
|
||
&DISTRO;, &DISTRO;+snapshot
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
For example, the following toolchain installer is for a 64-bit
|
||
development host system and a i586-tuned target architecture
|
||
based off the SDK for <filename>core-image-sato</filename>:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
poky-glibc-x86_64-core-image-sato-i586-toolchain-&DISTRO;.sh
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Toolchains are self-contained and by default are installed into
|
||
<filename>/opt/poky</filename>.
|
||
However, when you run the toolchain installer, you can choose an
|
||
installation directory.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
The following command shows how to run the installer given a toolchain tarball
|
||
for a 64-bit x86 development host system and a 32-bit x86 target architecture.
|
||
You must change the permissions on the toolchain
|
||
installer script so that it is executable.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
The example assumes the toolchain installer is located in <filename>~/Downloads/</filename>.
|
||
<note>
|
||
If you do not have write permissions for the directory into which you are installing
|
||
the toolchain, the toolchain installer notifies you and exits.
|
||
Be sure you have write permissions in the directory and run the installer again.
|
||
</note>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ ~/Downloads/poky-glibc-x86_64-core-image-sato-i586-toolchain-&DISTRO;.sh
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
For more information on how to install tarballs, see the
|
||
"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#using-an-existing-toolchain-tarball'>Using a Cross-Toolchain Tarball</ulink>" and
|
||
"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#using-the-toolchain-from-within-the-build-tree'>Using BitBake and the Build Directory</ulink>" sections in the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section id='downloading-the-pre-built-linux-kernel'>
|
||
<title>Downloading the Pre-Built Linux Kernel</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
You can download the pre-built Linux kernel suitable for running in the QEMU emulator from
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_QEMU_DL_URL;'></ulink>.
|
||
Be sure to use the kernel that matches the architecture you want to simulate.
|
||
Download areas exist for the five supported machine architectures:
|
||
<filename>qemuarm</filename>, <filename>qemumips</filename>, <filename>qemuppc</filename>,
|
||
<filename>qemux86</filename>, and <filename>qemux86-64</filename>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Most kernel files have one of the following forms:
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
*zImage-qemu<replaceable>arch</replaceable>.bin
|
||
vmlinux-qemu<replaceable>arch</replaceable>.bin
|
||
|
||
Where:
|
||
<replaceable>arch</replaceable> is a string representing the target architecture:
|
||
x86, x86-64, ppc, mips, or arm.
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
You can learn more about downloading a Yocto Project kernel in the
|
||
"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#local-kernel-files'>Yocto Project Kernel</ulink>"
|
||
bulleted item in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section id='downloading-the-filesystem'>
|
||
<title>Downloading the Filesystem</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
You can also download the filesystem image suitable for your target architecture from
|
||
<ulink url='&YOCTO_QEMU_DL_URL;'></ulink>.
|
||
Again, be sure to use the filesystem that matches the architecture you want
|
||
to simulate.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
The filesystem image has two tarball forms: <filename>ext3</filename> and
|
||
<filename>tar</filename>.
|
||
You must use the <filename>ext3</filename> form when booting an image using the
|
||
QEMU emulator.
|
||
The <filename>tar</filename> form can be flattened out in your host development system
|
||
and used for build purposes with the Yocto Project.
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
core-image-<replaceable>profile</replaceable>-qemu<replaceable>arch</replaceable>.ext3
|
||
core-image-<replaceable>profile</replaceable>-qemu<replaceable>arch</replaceable>.tar.bz2
|
||
|
||
Where:
|
||
<replaceable>profile</replaceable> is the filesystem image's profile:
|
||
lsb, lsb-dev, lsb-sdk, lsb-qt3, minimal, minimal-dev, sato,
|
||
sato-dev, or sato-sdk. For information on these types of image
|
||
profiles, see the "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-images'>Images</ulink>"
|
||
chapter in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
|
||
|
||
<replaceable>arch</replaceable> is a string representing the target architecture:
|
||
x86, x86-64, ppc, mips, or arm.
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section id='setting-up-the-environment-and-starting-the-qemu-emulator'>
|
||
<title>Setting Up the Environment and Starting the QEMU Emulator</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Before you start the QEMU emulator, you need to set up the emulation environment.
|
||
The following command form sets up the emulation environment.
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ source &YOCTO_ADTPATH_DIR;/environment-setup-<replaceable>arch</replaceable>-poky-linux-<replaceable>if</replaceable>
|
||
|
||
Where:
|
||
<replaceable>arch</replaceable> is a string representing the target architecture:
|
||
i586, x86_64, ppc603e, mips, or armv5te.
|
||
|
||
<replaceable>if</replaceable> is a string representing an embedded application binary interface.
|
||
Not all setup scripts include this string.
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Finally, this command form invokes the QEMU emulator
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ runqemu <replaceable>qemuarch</replaceable> <replaceable>kernel-image</replaceable> <replaceable>filesystem-image</replaceable>
|
||
|
||
Where:
|
||
<replaceable>qemuarch</replaceable> is a string representing the target architecture: qemux86, qemux86-64,
|
||
qemuppc, qemumips, or qemuarm.
|
||
|
||
<replaceable>kernel-image</replaceable> is the architecture-specific kernel image.
|
||
|
||
<replaceable>filesystem-image</replaceable> is the .ext3 filesystem image.
|
||
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Continuing with the example, the following two commands setup the emulation
|
||
environment and launch QEMU.
|
||
This example assumes the root filesystem (<filename>.ext3</filename> file) and
|
||
the pre-built kernel image file both reside in your home directory.
|
||
The kernel and filesystem are for a 32-bit target architecture.
|
||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||
$ cd $HOME
|
||
$ source &YOCTO_ADTPATH_DIR;/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux
|
||
$ runqemu qemux86 bzImage-qemux86.bin \
|
||
core-image-sato-qemux86.ext3
|
||
</literallayout>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
The environment in which QEMU launches varies depending on the filesystem image and on the
|
||
target architecture.
|
||
For example, if you source the environment for the ARM target
|
||
architecture and then boot the minimal QEMU image, the emulator comes up in a new
|
||
shell in command-line mode.
|
||
However, if you boot the SDK image, QEMU comes up with a GUI.
|
||
<note>Booting the PPC image results in QEMU launching in the same shell in
|
||
command-line mode.</note>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
<!--
|
||
vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
|
||
-->
|