978 lines
52 KiB
XML
978 lines
52 KiB
XML
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
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[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
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<article id='yocto-project-qs-intro'>
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<articleinfo>
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<title>Yocto Project Quick Start</title>
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<copyright>
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<year>©RIGHT_YEAR;</year>
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<holder>Linux Foundation</holder>
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</copyright>
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<legalnotice>
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<para>
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
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the terms of the <ulink type="http" url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales</ulink> as published by Creative Commons.
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</para>
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<note><title>Manual Notes</title>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>
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This version of the
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<emphasis>Yocto Project Quick Start</emphasis>
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is for the &YOCTO_DOC_VERSION; release of the
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Yocto Project.
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To be sure you have the latest version of the manual
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for this release, go to the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/documentation'>Yocto Project documentation page</ulink>
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and select the manual from that site.
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Manuals from the site are more up-to-date than manuals
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derived from the Yocto Project released TAR files.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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If you located this manual through a web search, the
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version of the manual might not be the one you want
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(e.g. the search might have returned a manual much
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older than the Yocto Project version with which you
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are working).
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You can see all Yocto Project major releases by
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visiting the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_WIKI_URL;/wiki/Releases'>Releases</ulink>
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page.
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If you need a version of this manual for a different
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Yocto Project release, visit the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/documentation'>Yocto Project documentation page</ulink>
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and select the manual set by using the
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"ACTIVE RELEASES DOCUMENTATION" or "DOCUMENTS ARCHIVE"
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pull-down menus.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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To report any inaccuracies or problems with this
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manual, send an email to the Yocto Project
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discussion group at
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<filename>yocto@yoctoproject.com</filename> or log into
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the freenode <filename>#yocto</filename> channel.
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</note>
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</legalnotice>
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<abstract>
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<imagedata fileref="figures/yocto-project-transp.png"
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width="6in" depth="1in"
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align="right" scale="25" />
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</abstract>
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</articleinfo>
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<section id='welcome'>
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<title>Welcome!</title>
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<para>
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Welcome to the Yocto Project!
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The Yocto Project is an open-source collaboration project whose
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focus is developers of embedded Linux systems.
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Among other things, the Yocto Project uses a build host based
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on the OpenEmbedded (OE) project, which uses the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#bitbake-term'>BitBake</ulink>
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tool, to construct complete Linux images.
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The BitBake and OE components are combined together to form
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a reference build host, historically known as
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#poky'>Poky</ulink>
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(<emphasis>Pah</emphasis>-key).
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</para>
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<para>
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If you do not have a system that runs Linux and you want to give
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the Yocto Project a test run, you might consider using the Yocto
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Project Build Appliance.
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The Build Appliance allows you to build and boot a custom embedded
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Linux image with the Yocto Project using a non-Linux development
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system.
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See the
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<ulink url='https://www.yoctoproject.org/tools-resources/projects/build-appliance'>Yocto Project Build Appliance</ulink>
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for more information.
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</para>
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<para>
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This quick start is written so that you can quickly get a
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build host set up to use the Yocto Project and then build some
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Linux images.
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Rather than go into great detail about the Yocto Project and its
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many capabilities, this quick start provides the minimal
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information you need to try out the Yocto Project using a
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supported Linux build host.
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Reading and using the quick start should result in you having a
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basic understanding of what the Yocto Project is and how to use
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some of its core components.
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You will also have worked through steps to produce two images:
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one that is suitable for emulation and one that boots on actual
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hardware.
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The examples highlight the ease with which you can use the
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Yocto Project to create images for multiple types of hardware.
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</para>
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<para>
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For more detailed information on the Yocto Project, you can
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reference these resources:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Website:</emphasis>
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The
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;'>Yocto Project Website</ulink>
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provides the latest builds, breaking news, full development
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documentation, and access to a rich Yocto Project
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Development Community into which you can tap.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>FAQs:</emphasis>
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Lists commonly asked Yocto Project questions and answers.
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You can find two FAQs:
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_WIKI_URL;/wiki/FAQ'>Yocto Project FAQ</ulink>
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on a wiki, and the
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"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#faq'>FAQ</ulink>"
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chapter in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Developer Screencast:</emphasis>
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The
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<ulink url='http://vimeo.com/36450321'>Getting Started with the Yocto Project - New Developer Screencast Tutorial</ulink>
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provides a 30-minute video created for users unfamiliar
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with the Yocto Project but familiar with Linux build
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hosts.
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While this screencast is somewhat dated, the introductory
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and fundamental concepts are useful for the beginner.
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section id='yp-intro'>
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<title>Introducing the Yocto Project Development Environment</title>
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<para>
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The Yocto Project through the OpenEmbedded build system provides an
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open source development environment targeting the ARM, MIPS,
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PowerPC, and x86 architectures for a variety of platforms
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including x86-64 and emulated ones.
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You can use components from the Yocto Project to design, develop,
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build, debug, simulate, and test the complete software stack using
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Linux, the X Window System, GTK+ frameworks, and Qt frameworks.
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</para>
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<mediaobject>
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<imageobject>
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<imagedata fileref="figures/yocto-environment.png"
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format="PNG" align='center' width="8in"/>
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</imageobject>
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</mediaobject>
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<para>
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Here are some highlights for the Yocto Project:
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>
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Provides a recent Linux kernel along with a set of system
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commands and libraries suitable for the embedded
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environment.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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Makes available system components such as X11, GTK+, Qt,
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Clutter, and SDL (among others) so you can create a rich user
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experience on devices that have display hardware.
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For devices that do not have a display or where you wish to
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use alternative UI frameworks, these components need not be
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installed.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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Creates a focused and stable core compatible with the
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OpenEmbedded project with which you can easily and reliably
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build and develop.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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Fully supports a wide range of hardware and device emulation
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through the Quick EMUlator (QEMU).
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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Provides a layer mechanism that allows you to easily extend
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the system, make customizations, and keep them organized.
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>
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You can use the Yocto Project to generate images for many kinds
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of devices.
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As mentioned earlier, the Yocto Project supports creation of
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reference images that you can boot within and emulate using QEMU.
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The standard example machines target QEMU full-system
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emulation for 32-bit and 64-bit variants of x86, ARM, MIPS, and
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PowerPC architectures.
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Beyond emulation, you can use the layer mechanism to extend
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support to just about any platform that Linux can run on and that
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a toolchain can target.
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</para>
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<para>
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Another Yocto Project feature is the Sato reference User
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Interface.
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This optional UI that is based on GTK+ is intended for devices with
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restricted screen sizes and is included as part of the
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OpenEmbedded Core layer so that developers can test parts of the
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software stack.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section id='yp-resources'>
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<title>Setting Up to Use the Yocto Project</title>
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<para>
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The following list shows what you need in order to use a
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Linux-based build host to use the Yocto Project to build images:
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Build Host</emphasis>
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A build host with a minimum of 50 Gbytes of free disk
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space that is running a supported Linux distribution (i.e.
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recent releases of Fedora, openSUSE, CentOS, Debian, or
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Ubuntu).
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Build Host Packages</emphasis>
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Appropriate packages installed on the build host.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>The Yocto Project</emphasis>
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A release of the Yocto Project.
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<section id='the-linux-distro'>
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<title>The Linux Distribution</title>
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<para>
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The Yocto Project team verifies each release against recent
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versions of the most popular Linux distributions that
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provide stable releases.
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In general, if you have the current release minus one of the
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following distributions, you should have no problems.
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>
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Ubuntu
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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Fedora
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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openSUSE
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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CentOS
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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Debian
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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For a more detailed list of distributions that support the
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Yocto Project, see the
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"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#detailed-supported-distros'>Supported Linux Distributions</ulink>"
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section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
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</para>
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<para>
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The OpenEmbedded build system should be able to run on any
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modern distribution that has the following versions for
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Git, tar, and Python.
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>
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Git 1.8.3.1 or greater
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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tar 1.24 or greater
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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Python 3.4.0 or greater.
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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If your build host does not meet any of these three listed
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version requirements, you can take steps to prepare the
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system so that you can still use the Yocto Project.
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See the
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"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#required-git-tar-and-python-versions'>Required Git, tar, and Python Versions</ulink>"
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section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual for information.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section id='packages'>
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<title>The Build Host Packages</title>
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<para>
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Required build host packages vary depending on your
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build machine and what you want to do with the Yocto Project.
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For example, if you want to build an image that can run
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on QEMU in graphical mode (a minimal, basic build
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requirement), then the build host package requirements
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are different than if you want to build an image on a headless
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system or build out the Yocto Project documentation set.
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</para>
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<para>
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Collectively, the number of required packages is large
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if you want to be able to cover all cases.
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<note>
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In general, you need to have root access and then install
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the required packages.
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Thus, the commands in the following section may or may
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not work depending on whether or not your Linux
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distribution has <filename>sudo</filename> installed.
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</note>
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</para>
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<para>
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The following list shows the required packages needed to build
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an image that runs on QEMU in graphical mode (e.g. essential
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plus graphics support).
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For lists of required packages for other scenarios, see the
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"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#required-packages-for-the-host-development-system'>Required Packages for the Host Development System</ulink>"
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section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Ubuntu and Debian</emphasis>
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo apt-get install &UBUNTU_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL; libsdl1.2-dev xterm
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</literallayout>
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Fedora</emphasis>
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo dnf install &FEDORA_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL; SDL-devel xterm
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</literallayout>
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>OpenSUSE</emphasis>
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo zypper install &OPENSUSE_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL; libSDL-devel xterm
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</literallayout>
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>CentOS</emphasis>
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo yum install &CENTOS_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL; SDL-devel xterm
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</literallayout>
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<note><title>Notes</title>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>
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Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux
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(i.e. <filename>epel-release</filename>)
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is a collection of packages from Fedora
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built on RHEL/CentOS for easy installation
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of packages not included in enterprise
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Linux by default.
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You need to install these packages
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separately.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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The <filename>makecache</filename> command
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consumes additional Metadata from
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<filename>epel-release</filename>.
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</note>
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section id='releases'>
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<title>Yocto Project Release</title>
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<para>
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The last requirement you need to meet before using the
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Yocto Project is getting a Yocto Project release.
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It is recommended that you get the latest Yocto Project release
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by setting up (cloning in
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#git'>Git</ulink> terms) a
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local copy of the <filename>poky</filename> Git repository on
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your build host and then checking out the latest release.
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Doing so allows you to easily update to newer Yocto Project
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releases as well as contribute back to the Yocto Project.
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</para>
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<para>
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Here is an example from an Ubuntu build host that clones the
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<filename>poky</filename> repository and then checks out the
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latest Yocto Project Release (i.e. &DISTRO;):
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky
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Cloning into 'poky'...
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remote: Counting objects: 361782, done.
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remote: Compressing objects: 100% (87100/87100), done.
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remote: Total 361782 (delta 268619), reused 361439 (delta 268277)
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Receiving objects: 100% (361782/361782), 131.94 MiB | 6.88 MiB/s, done.
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Resolving deltas: 100% (268619/268619), done.
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Checking connectivity... done.
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$ git checkout &DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;
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</literallayout>
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You can also get the Yocto Project Files by downloading
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Yocto Project releases from the
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<ulink url="&YOCTO_HOME_URL;">Yocto Project website</ulink>.
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</para>
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<para>
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For more information on getting set up with the Yocto Project
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release, see the
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"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#local-yp-release'>Yocto Project Release</ulink>"
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item in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
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</para>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section id='qs-building-images'>
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<title>Building Images</title>
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<para>
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Now that you have your system requirements in order, you can give
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Yocto Project a try.
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You can try out Yocto Project using either the command-line
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interface or using Toaster, which uses a graphical user
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interface.
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If you want to try out the Yocto Project using a GUI, see the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_TOAST_URL;'>Toaster User Manual</ulink>
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for information on how to install and set up Toaster.
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</para>
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<para>
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To use the Yocto Project through the command-line interface,
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finish this quick start, which presents steps that let you
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do the following:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>
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Build a <filename>qemux86</filename> reference image
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and run it in the QEMU emulator.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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Easily change configurations so that you can quickly
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create a second image that you can load onto bootable
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media and actually boot target hardware.
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This example uses the MinnowBoard
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MAX-compatible boards.
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<note>
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The steps in the following two sections do not provide detail,
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but rather provide minimal, working commands and examples
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designed to just get you started.
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For more details, see the appropriate manuals in the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/documentation'>Yocto Project manual set</ulink>.
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</note>
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</para>
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<section id='building-an-image-for-emulation'>
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<title>Building an Image for Emulation</title>
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<para>
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Use the following commands to build your image.
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The OpenEmbedded build system creates an entire Linux
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distribution, including the toolchain, from source.
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<note><title>Note about Network Proxies</title>
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<para>
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By default, the build process searches for source code
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using a pre-determined order through a set of
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locations.
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If you are working behind a firewall and your build
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host is not set up for proxies, you could encounter
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problems with the build process when fetching source
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code (e.g. fetcher failures or Git failures).
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</para>
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<para>
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If you do not know your proxy settings, consult your
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local network infrastructure resources and get that
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information.
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A good starting point could also be to check your web
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browser settings.
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Finally, you can find more information on using the
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Yocto Project behind a firewall in the Yocto Project
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Reference Manual
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#how-does-the-yocto-project-obtain-source-code-and-will-it-work-behind-my-firewall-or-proxy-server'>FAQ</ulink>
|
|
and on the
|
|
"<ulink url='https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/Working_Behind_a_Network_Proxy'>Working Behind a Network Proxy</ulink>"
|
|
wiki page.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Be Sure Your Build Host is Set Up:</emphasis>
|
|
The steps to build an image in this section depend on
|
|
your build host being properly set up.
|
|
Be sure you have worked through the requirements
|
|
described in the
|
|
"<link linkend='yp-resources'>Setting Up to Use the Yocto Project</link>"
|
|
section.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Check Out Your Branch:</emphasis>
|
|
Be sure you are in the
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
|
|
(e.g. <filename>poky</filename>) and then check out
|
|
the branch associated with the latest Yocto Project
|
|
Release:
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
$ cd ~/poky
|
|
$ git checkout -b &DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP; origin/&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
Git's <filename>checkout</filename> command checks out
|
|
the current Yocto Project release into a local branch
|
|
whose name matches the release (i.e.
|
|
<filename>&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;</filename>).
|
|
The local branch tracks the upstream branch of the
|
|
same name.
|
|
Creating your own branch based on the released
|
|
branch ensures you are using the latest files for
|
|
that release.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Initialize the Build Environment:</emphasis>
|
|
Run the
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
|
|
environment setup script to define the OpenEmbedded
|
|
build environment on your build host.
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
$ source &OE_INIT_FILE;
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
Among other things, the script creates the
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>,
|
|
which is <filename>build</filename> in this case
|
|
and is located in the
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
|
|
After the script runs, your current working directory
|
|
is set to the Build Directory.
|
|
Later, when the build completes, the Build Directory
|
|
contains all the files created during the build.
|
|
<note>
|
|
For information on running a memory-resident
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#usingpoky-components-bitbake'>BitBake</ulink>,
|
|
see the
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>
|
|
setup script.
|
|
</note>
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Examine Your Local Configuration File:</emphasis>
|
|
When you set up the build environment, a local
|
|
configuration file named
|
|
<filename>local.conf</filename> becomes available in
|
|
a <filename>conf</filename> subdirectory of the
|
|
Build Directory.
|
|
Before using BitBake to start the build, you can
|
|
look at this file and be sure your general
|
|
configurations are how you want them:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
To help conserve disk space during builds,
|
|
you can add the following statement to your
|
|
project's configuration file, which for this
|
|
example is
|
|
<filename>poky/build/conf/local.conf</filename>.
|
|
Adding this statement deletes the work
|
|
directory used for building a recipe once the
|
|
recipe is built.
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
INHERIT += "rm_work"
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
By default, the target machine for the build is
|
|
<filename>qemux86</filename>,
|
|
which produces an image that can be used in
|
|
the QEMU emulator and is targeted at an
|
|
<trademark class='registered'>Intel</trademark>
|
|
32-bit based architecture.
|
|
Further on in this example, this default is
|
|
easily changed through the
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
|
|
variable so that you can quickly
|
|
build an image for a different machine.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Another consideration before you build is the
|
|
package manager used when creating the image.
|
|
The default <filename>local.conf</filename>
|
|
file selects the RPM package manager.
|
|
You can control this configuration by using the
|
|
<filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></ulink></filename>
|
|
variable.</para>
|
|
<para>Selection of the package manager is separate
|
|
from whether package management is used at runtime
|
|
in the target image.</para>
|
|
<para>For additional package manager selection
|
|
information, see the
|
|
"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-package'><filename>package.bbclass</filename></ulink>"
|
|
section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Start the Build:</emphasis>
|
|
Continue with the following command to build an OS image
|
|
for the target, which is
|
|
<filename>core-image-sato</filename> in this example:
|
|
<note>
|
|
Depending on the number of processors and cores, the
|
|
amount of RAM, the speed of your Internet connection
|
|
and other factors, the build process could take
|
|
several hours the first time you run it.
|
|
Subsequent builds run much faster since parts of the
|
|
build are cached.
|
|
</note>
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
$ bitbake core-image-sato
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you experience a build error due to resources
|
|
temporarily being unavailable and it appears you
|
|
should not be having this issue, it might be due
|
|
to the combination of a 4.3+ Linux kernel and
|
|
<filename>systemd</filename> version 228+
|
|
(i.e. see this
|
|
<ulink url='http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/253903/creating-threads-fails-with-resource-temporarily-unavailable-with-4-3-kernel'>link</ulink>
|
|
for information).
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To work around this issue, you can try either
|
|
of the following:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Try the build again.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Modify the "DefaultTasksMax"
|
|
<filename>systemd</filename> parameter
|
|
by uncommenting it and setting it to
|
|
"infinity".
|
|
You can find this parameter in the
|
|
<filename>system.conf</filename> file
|
|
located in
|
|
<filename>/etc/systemd</filename>
|
|
on most systems.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
For information on using the
|
|
<filename>bitbake</filename> command, see the
|
|
"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#usingpoky-components-bitbake'>BitBake</ulink>"
|
|
section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual, or see the
|
|
"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;#bitbake-user-manual-command'>BitBake Command</ulink>"
|
|
section in the BitBake User Manual.
|
|
For information on other targets, see the
|
|
"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-images'>Images</ulink>"
|
|
chapter in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Simulate Your Image Using QEMU:</emphasis>
|
|
Once this particular image is built, you can start QEMU
|
|
and run the image:
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
$ runqemu qemux86
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
If you want to learn more about running QEMU, see the
|
|
"<ulink url="&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#dev-manual-qemu">Using the Quick EMUlator (QEMU)</ulink>"
|
|
chapter in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Exit QEMU:</emphasis>
|
|
Exit QEMU by either clicking on the shutdown icon or by
|
|
typing <filename>Ctrl-C</filename> in the QEMU
|
|
transcript window from which you evoked QEMU.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section id='building-an-image-for-hardware'>
|
|
<title>Building an Image for Hardware</title>
|
|
|
|
<para id='qs-minnowboard-example'>
|
|
The following steps show how easy it is to set up to build an
|
|
image for a new machine.
|
|
These steps build an image for the MinnowBoard MAX, which is
|
|
supported by the Yocto Project and the
|
|
<filename>meta-intel</filename> <filename>intel-corei7-64</filename>
|
|
and <filename>intel-core2-32</filename> Board Support Packages
|
|
(BSPs).
|
|
<note>
|
|
The MinnowBoard MAX ships with 64-bit firmware.
|
|
If you want to use the board in 32-bit mode, you must
|
|
download the
|
|
<ulink url='http://firmware.intel.com/projects/minnowboard-max'>32-bit firmware</ulink>.
|
|
</note>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Create a Local Copy of the
|
|
<filename>meta-intel</filename> Repository:</emphasis>
|
|
Building an image for the MinnowBoard MAX requires the
|
|
<filename>meta-intel</filename> layer.
|
|
Use the <filename>git clone</filename> command to create
|
|
a local copy of the repository inside your
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>,
|
|
which is <filename>poky</filename> in this example:
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
$ cd $HOME/poky
|
|
$ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/meta-intel
|
|
Cloning into 'meta-intel'...
|
|
remote: Counting objects: 14039, done.
|
|
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (4471/4471), done.
|
|
remote: Total 14039 (delta 8130), reused 13837 (delta 7947)
|
|
Receiving objects: 100% (14039/14039), 4.27 MiB | 3.98 MiB/s, done.
|
|
Resolving deltas: 100% (8130/8130), done.
|
|
Checking connectivity... done.
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
By default when you clone a Git repository, the
|
|
"master" branch is checked out.
|
|
Before you build your image that uses the
|
|
<filename>meta-intel</filename> layer, you must be
|
|
sure that both repositories
|
|
(<filename>meta-intel</filename> and
|
|
<filename>poky</filename>) are using the same releases.
|
|
Consequently, you need to checkout out the
|
|
"<filename>&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;</filename>" release after
|
|
cloning <filename>meta-intel</filename>:
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
$ cd $HOME/poky/meta-intel
|
|
$ git checkout &DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;
|
|
Branch &DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP; set up to track remote branch &DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP; from origin.
|
|
Switched to a new branch '&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;'
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Configure the Build:</emphasis>
|
|
To configure the build, you edit the
|
|
<filename>bblayers.conf</filename> and
|
|
<filename>local.conf</filename> files, both of which are
|
|
located in the <filename>build/conf</filename> directory.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Here is a quick way to make the edits.
|
|
The first command uses the
|
|
<filename>bitbake-layers add-layer</filename> command
|
|
to add the <filename>meta-intel</filename>
|
|
layer, which contains the <filename>intel-core*</filename>
|
|
BSPs to the build.
|
|
The second command selects the BSP by setting the
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
|
|
variable.
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
$ cd $HOME/poky/build
|
|
$ bitbake-layers add-layer "$HOME/poky/meta-intel"
|
|
$ echo 'MACHINE = "intel-corei7-64"' >> conf/local.conf
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
<note><title>Notes</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you want a 64-bit build, use the following:
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
$ echo 'MACHINE = "intel-corei7-64"' >> conf/local.conf
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you want 32-bit images, use the following:
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
$ echo 'MACHINE = "intel-core2-32"' >> conf/local.conf
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Build an Image for MinnowBoard MAX:</emphasis>
|
|
The type of image you build depends on your goals.
|
|
For example, the previous build created a
|
|
<filename>core-image-sato</filename> image, which is an
|
|
image with Sato support.
|
|
It is possible to build many image types for the
|
|
MinnowBoard MAX.
|
|
Some possibilities are <filename>core-image-base</filename>,
|
|
which is a console-only image.
|
|
Another choice could be a
|
|
<filename>core-image-full-cmdline</filename>, which is
|
|
another console-only image but has more full-features
|
|
Linux system functionality installed.
|
|
For types of images you can build using the Yocto
|
|
Project, see the
|
|
"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-images'>Images</ulink>"
|
|
chapter in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.</para>
|
|
<para>Because configuration changes are minimal to set up
|
|
for this second build, the OpenEmbedded build system can
|
|
re-use files from previous builds as much as possible.
|
|
Re-using files means this second build will be much faster
|
|
than an initial build.
|
|
For this example, the <filename>core-image-base</filename>
|
|
image is built:
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
$ bitbake core-image-base
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you experience a build error due to resources
|
|
temporarily being unavailable and it appears you
|
|
should not be having this issue, it might be due
|
|
to the combination of a 4.3+ Linux kernel and
|
|
<filename>systemd</filename> version 228+
|
|
(i.e. see this
|
|
<ulink url='http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/253903/creating-threads-fails-with-resource-temporarily-unavailable-with-4-3-kernel'>link</ulink>
|
|
for information).
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To work around this issue, you can try either
|
|
of the following:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Try the build again.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Modify the "DefaultTasksMax"
|
|
<filename>systemd</filename> parameter
|
|
by uncommenting it and setting it to
|
|
"infinity".
|
|
You can find this parameter in the
|
|
<filename>system.conf</filename> file
|
|
located in
|
|
<filename>/etc/systemd</filename>
|
|
on most systems.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
Once the build completes, the resulting console-only image
|
|
is located in the Build Directory here:
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
tmp/deploy/images/intel-corei7-64/core-image-base-intel-corei7-64.wic
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Write the Image:</emphasis>
|
|
You can write the image just built to a bootable media
|
|
(e.g. a USB key, SATA drive, SD card, etc.) using the
|
|
<filename>dd</filename> utility:
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
$ sudo dd if=tmp/deploy/images/intel-corei7-64/core-image-base-intel-corei7-64.wic of=TARGET_DEVICE
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
In the previous command, the
|
|
<filename>TARGET_DEVICE</filename> is the device node in
|
|
the host machine (e.g. <filename>/dev/sdc</filename>, which
|
|
is most likely a USB stick, or
|
|
<filename>/dev/mmcblk0</filename>, which is most likely an
|
|
SD card).
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Boot the Hardware:</emphasis>
|
|
With the boot device provisioned, you can insert the
|
|
media into the MinnowBoard MAX and boot the hardware.
|
|
The board should automatically detect the media and boot to
|
|
the bootloader and subsequently the operating system.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If the board does not boot automatically, you can
|
|
boot it manually from the EFI shell as follows:
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
Shell> connect -r
|
|
Shell> map -r
|
|
Shell> fs0:
|
|
Shell> bootx64
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
<note>
|
|
For a 32-bit image use the following:
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
Shell> bootia32
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section id='qs-next-steps'>
|
|
<title>Next Steps</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you completed all the steps in the previous section then
|
|
congratulations!
|
|
What now?
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Depending on what you primary interests are with the Yocto Project,
|
|
you could consider any of the following:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Visit the Yocto Project Web Site:</emphasis>
|
|
The official
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;'>Yocto Project</ulink>
|
|
web site contains information on the entire project.
|
|
Visiting this site is a good way to familiarize yourself
|
|
with the overall project.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Look Through the Yocto Project Development Manual:</emphasis>
|
|
The
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#dev-manual-intro'>Yocto Project Development Manual</ulink>
|
|
is a great place to get a feel for how to use the Yocto
|
|
Project.
|
|
The manual contains conceptual and procedural information
|
|
that covers
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#dev-manual-model'>common development models</ulink>
|
|
and introduces
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#dev-manual-newbie'>the Yocto Project open source development environment</ulink>.
|
|
The manual also contains several targeted sections that
|
|
cover specific
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#extendpoky'>common tasks</ulink>
|
|
such as understanding and creating layers, customizing
|
|
images, writing new recipes, working with libraries, and
|
|
configuring and patching the kernel.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Look Through the Yocto Project Software Development Kit (SDK) Developer's Guide:</emphasis>
|
|
The
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_SDK_URL;#sdk-intro'>Yocto Project Software Development Kit (SDK) Developer's Guide</ulink>
|
|
describes how to use both the
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_SDK_URL;#sdk-using-the-standard-sdk'>standard SDK</ulink>
|
|
and the
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_SDK_URL;#sdk-extensible'>extensible SDK</ulink>,
|
|
which are used primarily for application development.
|
|
This manual also provides an example workflow that uses
|
|
the popular <trademark class='trade'>Eclipse</trademark>
|
|
development environment.
|
|
See the
|
|
"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_SDK_URL;#workflow-using-eclipse'>Workflow using Eclipse™</ulink>"
|
|
section.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Learn About Board Support Packages (BSPs):</emphasis>
|
|
If you want to learn about BSPs, see the
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#bsp'>Yocto Project Board Support Packages (BSP) Developer's Guide</ulink>.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Learn About Toaster:</emphasis>
|
|
Toaster is a web interface to the Yocto Project's
|
|
OpenEmbedded build system.
|
|
If you are interested in using this type of interface to
|
|
create images, see the
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_TOAST_URL;#toaster-manual-intro'>Toaster User Manual</ulink>.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Have Available the Yocto Project Reference Manual</emphasis>
|
|
The
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-manual-intro'>Yocto Project Reference Manual</ulink>,
|
|
unlike the rest of the Yocto Project manual set, is
|
|
comprised of material suited for reference rather than
|
|
procedures.
|
|
You can get
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#usingpoky'>build details</ulink>,
|
|
a
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#closer-look'>closer look</ulink>
|
|
at how the pieces of the Yocto Project development
|
|
environment work together, information on various
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#technical-details'>technical details</ulink>,
|
|
guidance on
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#migration'>migrating to a newer Yocto Project release</ulink>,
|
|
reference material on the
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-structure'>directory structure</ulink>,
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes'>classes</ulink>,
|
|
and
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks'>tasks</ulink>.
|
|
The Yocto Project Reference Manual also contains a fairly
|
|
comprehensive
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-variables-glossary'>glossary of variables</ulink>
|
|
used within the Yocto Project.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</article>
|
|
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