open5gs/src/smf/gsm-build.c

539 lines
21 KiB
C

/*
* Copyright (C) 2019,2020 by Sukchan Lee <acetcom@gmail.com>
*
* This file is part of Open5GS.
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#include "gsm-build.h"
#undef OGS_LOG_DOMAIN
#define OGS_LOG_DOMAIN __gsm_log_domain
ogs_pkbuf_t *gsm_build_pdu_session_establishment_accept(smf_sess_t *sess)
{
ogs_pkbuf_t *pkbuf = NULL;
smf_bearer_t *qos_flow = NULL;
int num_of_param, rv;
ogs_nas_5gs_message_t message;
ogs_nas_5gs_pdu_session_establishment_accept_t *
pdu_session_establishment_accept =
&message.gsm.pdu_session_establishment_accept;
ogs_nas_pdu_session_type_t *selected_pdu_session_type = NULL;
ogs_nas_qos_rules_t *authorized_qos_rules = NULL;
ogs_nas_session_ambr_t *session_ambr = NULL;
ogs_nas_5gsm_cause_t *gsm_cause = NULL;
ogs_nas_pdu_address_t *pdu_address = NULL;
ogs_nas_s_nssai_t *nas_s_nssai = NULL;
ogs_nas_qos_flow_descriptions_t *authorized_qos_flow_descriptions = NULL;
ogs_nas_extended_protocol_configuration_options_t
*extended_protocol_configuration_options = NULL;
ogs_nas_dnn_t *dnn = NULL;
ogs_nas_qos_rule_t qos_rule[OGS_NAS_MAX_NUM_OF_QOS_RULE];
ogs_nas_qos_flow_description_t
qos_flow_description[OGS_NAS_MAX_NUM_OF_QOS_FLOW_DESCRIPTION];
uint8_t pco_buf[OGS_MAX_PCO_LEN];
int16_t pco_len;
selected_pdu_session_type = &pdu_session_establishment_accept->
selected_pdu_session_type;
ogs_assert(selected_pdu_session_type);
authorized_qos_rules = &pdu_session_establishment_accept->
authorized_qos_rules;
ogs_assert(authorized_qos_rules);
session_ambr = &pdu_session_establishment_accept->session_ambr;
ogs_assert(session_ambr);
pdu_address = &pdu_session_establishment_accept->pdu_address;
ogs_assert(pdu_address);
gsm_cause = &pdu_session_establishment_accept->gsm_cause;
ogs_assert(gsm_cause);
nas_s_nssai = &pdu_session_establishment_accept->s_nssai;
ogs_assert(nas_s_nssai);
authorized_qos_flow_descriptions =
&pdu_session_establishment_accept->authorized_qos_flow_descriptions;
ogs_assert(authorized_qos_flow_descriptions);
extended_protocol_configuration_options =
&pdu_session_establishment_accept->
extended_protocol_configuration_options;
ogs_assert(extended_protocol_configuration_options);
dnn = &pdu_session_establishment_accept->dnn;
ogs_assert(dnn);
ogs_assert(sess);
qos_flow = smf_default_bearer_in_sess(sess);
ogs_assert(qos_flow);
ogs_assert(ogs_list_next(qos_flow) == NULL);
memset(&message, 0, sizeof(message));
message.gsm.h.extended_protocol_discriminator =
OGS_NAS_EXTENDED_PROTOCOL_DISCRIMINATOR_5GSM;
message.gsm.h.pdu_session_identity = sess->psi;
message.gsm.h.procedure_transaction_identity = sess->pti;
message.gsm.h.message_type = OGS_NAS_5GS_PDU_SESSION_ESTABLISHMENT_ACCEPT;
selected_pdu_session_type->type = sess->session.ssc_mode;
selected_pdu_session_type->value = sess->session.session_type;
/*
* TS23.501
* 5.7.1.3 QoS Rules
*
* A default QoS rule is required to be sent to the UE for every PDU
* Session establishment and it is associated with a QoS Flow. For IP type
* PDU Session or Ethernet type PDU Session, the default QoS rule is
* the only QoS rule of a PDU Session which may contain a Packet Filter
* Set that allows all UL packets, and in this case, the highest
* precedence value shall be used for the QoS rule.
*
* As long as the default QoS rule does not contain a Packet Filter Set or
* contains a Packet Filter Set that allows all UL packets, Reflective QoS
* should not be applied for the QoS Flow which the default QoS rule is
* associated with and the RQA should not be sent for this QoS Flow.
*/
memset(qos_rule, 0, sizeof(qos_rule));
qos_rule[0].identifier = qos_flow->qfi; /* Use QFI in Open5GS */
qos_rule[0].code = OGS_NAS_QOS_CODE_CREATE_NEW_QOS_RULE;
qos_rule[0].DQR_bit = 1;
qos_rule[0].num_of_packet_filter = 1;
qos_rule[0].pf[0].direction = OGS_NAS_QOS_DIRECTION_BIDIRECTIONAL;
qos_rule[0].pf[0].identifier = 1;
qos_rule[0].pf[0].content.length = 1;
qos_rule[0].pf[0].content.num_of_component = 1;
qos_rule[0].pf[0].content.component[0].type = OGS_PACKET_FILTER_MATCH_ALL;
/*
* TS23.501
* 5.7.1.9 Precedence Value
*
* The QoS rule precedence value and the PDR precedence value determine
* the order in which a QoS rule or a PDR, respectively, shall be evaluated.
* The evaluation of the QoS rules or PDRs is performed in increasing order
* of their precedence value.
*/
qos_rule[0].precedence = 255; /* lowest precedence */
qos_rule[0].flow.segregation = 0;
qos_rule[0].flow.identifier = qos_flow->qfi;
rv = ogs_nas_build_qos_rules(authorized_qos_rules, qos_rule, 1);
ogs_expect_or_return_val(rv == OGS_OK, NULL);
ogs_expect_or_return_val(authorized_qos_rules->length, NULL);
/* Session-AMBR */
session_ambr->length = 6;
ogs_nas_bitrate_from_uint64(
&session_ambr->downlink, sess->session.ambr.downlink);
ogs_nas_bitrate_from_uint64(
&session_ambr->uplink, sess->session.ambr.uplink);
/* PDU Address */
pdu_session_establishment_accept->presencemask |=
OGS_NAS_5GS_PDU_SESSION_ESTABLISHMENT_ACCEPT_PDU_ADDRESS_PRESENT;
pdu_address->pdn_type = sess->session.paa.session_type;
if (pdu_address->pdn_type == OGS_PDU_SESSION_TYPE_IPV4) {
pdu_address->addr = sess->session.paa.addr;
pdu_address->length = OGS_NAS_PDU_ADDRESS_IPV4_LEN;
} else if (pdu_address->pdn_type == OGS_PDU_SESSION_TYPE_IPV6) {
memcpy(pdu_address->addr6,
sess->session.paa.addr6+(OGS_IPV6_LEN>>1), OGS_IPV6_LEN>>1);
pdu_address->length = OGS_NAS_PDU_ADDRESS_IPV6_LEN;
} else if (pdu_address->pdn_type == OGS_PDU_SESSION_TYPE_IPV4V6) {
pdu_address->both.addr = sess->session.paa.both.addr;
memcpy(pdu_address->both.addr6,
sess->session.paa.both.addr6+(OGS_IPV6_LEN>>1), OGS_IPV6_LEN>>1);
pdu_address->length = OGS_NAS_PDU_ADDRESS_IPV4V6_LEN;
} else {
ogs_error("Unexpected PDN Type %u", pdu_address->pdn_type);
return NULL;
}
/* GSM cause */
if (sess->ue_session_type == OGS_PDU_SESSION_TYPE_IPV4V6) {
if (pdu_address->pdn_type == OGS_PDU_SESSION_TYPE_IPV4) {
pdu_session_establishment_accept->presencemask |=
OGS_NAS_5GS_PDU_SESSION_ESTABLISHMENT_ACCEPT_5GSM_CAUSE_PRESENT;
*gsm_cause = OGS_5GSM_CAUSE_PDU_SESSION_TYPE_IPV4_ONLY_ALLOWED;
} else if (pdu_address->pdn_type == OGS_PDU_SESSION_TYPE_IPV6) {
pdu_session_establishment_accept->presencemask |=
OGS_NAS_5GS_PDU_SESSION_ESTABLISHMENT_ACCEPT_5GSM_CAUSE_PRESENT;
*gsm_cause = OGS_5GSM_CAUSE_PDU_SESSION_TYPE_IPV6_ONLY_ALLOWED;
}
}
/* S-NSSAI */
pdu_session_establishment_accept->presencemask |=
OGS_NAS_5GS_PDU_SESSION_ESTABLISHMENT_ACCEPT_S_NSSAI_PRESENT;
ogs_nas_build_s_nssai2(nas_s_nssai, &sess->s_nssai, &sess->mapped_hplmn);
/* QoS flow descriptions */
memset(&qos_flow_description, 0, sizeof(qos_flow_description));
qos_flow_description[0].identifier = qos_flow->qfi;
qos_flow_description[0].code = OGS_NAS_CREATE_NEW_QOS_FLOW_DESCRIPTION;
qos_flow_description[0].E_bit = 1;
num_of_param = 0;
qos_flow_description[0].param[num_of_param].identifier =
OGS_NAX_QOS_FLOW_PARAMETER_ID_5QI;
qos_flow_description[0].param[num_of_param].len =
sizeof(qos_flow_description[0].param[num_of_param].qos_index);
qos_flow_description[0].param[num_of_param].qos_index = qos_flow->qos.index;
num_of_param++;
qos_flow_description[0].num_of_parameter = num_of_param;
pdu_session_establishment_accept->presencemask |=
OGS_NAS_5GS_PDU_SESSION_ESTABLISHMENT_ACCEPT_AUTHORIZED_QOS_FLOW_DESCRIPTIONS_PRESENT;
rv = ogs_nas_build_qos_flow_descriptions(
authorized_qos_flow_descriptions, qos_flow_description, 1);
ogs_expect_or_return_val(rv == OGS_OK, NULL);
ogs_expect_or_return_val(authorized_qos_flow_descriptions->length, NULL);
/* Extended protocol configuration options */
if (sess->nas.ue_pco.buffer && sess->nas.ue_pco.length) {
pco_len = smf_pco_build(pco_buf,
sess->nas.ue_pco.buffer, sess->nas.ue_pco.length);
ogs_assert(pco_len > 0);
pdu_session_establishment_accept->presencemask |=
OGS_NAS_5GS_PDU_SESSION_ESTABLISHMENT_ACCEPT_EXTENDED_PROTOCOL_CONFIGURATION_OPTIONS_PRESENT;
extended_protocol_configuration_options->buffer = pco_buf;
extended_protocol_configuration_options->length = pco_len;
}
/* DNN */
pdu_session_establishment_accept->presencemask |=
OGS_NAS_5GS_PDU_SESSION_ESTABLISHMENT_ACCEPT_DNN_PRESENT;
ogs_assert(sess->session.name);
dnn->length = strlen(sess->session.name);
ogs_cpystrn(dnn->value, sess->session.name,
ogs_min(dnn->length, OGS_MAX_DNN_LEN) + 1);
pkbuf = ogs_nas_5gs_plain_encode(&message);
ogs_assert(pkbuf);
ogs_free(authorized_qos_rules->buffer);
ogs_free(authorized_qos_flow_descriptions->buffer);
return pkbuf;
}
ogs_pkbuf_t *gsm_build_pdu_session_establishment_reject(
smf_sess_t *sess, ogs_nas_5gsm_cause_t gsm_cause)
{
ogs_nas_5gs_message_t message;
ogs_nas_5gs_pdu_session_establishment_reject_t *
pdu_session_establishment_reject =
&message.gsm.pdu_session_establishment_reject;
ogs_assert(sess);
ogs_assert(gsm_cause);
memset(&message, 0, sizeof(message));
message.gsm.h.extended_protocol_discriminator =
OGS_NAS_EXTENDED_PROTOCOL_DISCRIMINATOR_5GSM;
message.gsm.h.pdu_session_identity = sess->psi;
message.gsm.h.procedure_transaction_identity = sess->pti;
message.gsm.h.message_type = OGS_NAS_5GS_PDU_SESSION_ESTABLISHMENT_REJECT;
pdu_session_establishment_reject->gsm_cause = gsm_cause;
return ogs_nas_5gs_plain_encode(&message);
}
static void encode_qos_rule_packet_filter(
ogs_nas_qos_rule_t *qos_rule, smf_bearer_t *qos_flow)
{
int i;
smf_pf_t *pf = NULL;
ogs_assert(qos_rule);
ogs_assert(qos_flow);
if (qos_rule->code == OGS_NAS_QOS_CODE_MODIFY_EXISTING_QOS_RULE_AND_DELETE_PACKET_FILTERS) {
for (i = 0; i < qos_flow->num_of_pf_to_delete; i++) {
qos_rule->pf[i].identifier = qos_flow->pf_to_delete[i];
}
qos_rule->num_of_packet_filter = qos_flow->num_of_pf_to_delete;
} else {
i = 0;
ogs_list_for_each_entry(&qos_flow->pf_to_add_list, pf, to_add_node) {
ogs_assert(i < OGS_MAX_NUM_OF_FLOW_IN_NAS);
qos_rule->pf[i].direction = pf->direction;
qos_rule->pf[i].identifier = pf->identifier;
ogs_pf_content_from_ipfw_rule(
pf->direction, &qos_rule->pf[i].content, &pf->ipfw_rule,
ogs_app()->parameter.no_ipv4v6_local_addr_in_packet_filter);
i++;
}
qos_rule->num_of_packet_filter = i;
}
}
ogs_pkbuf_t *gsm_build_pdu_session_modification_command(
smf_sess_t *sess, uint8_t pti,
uint8_t qos_rule_code, uint8_t qos_flow_description_code)
{
ogs_pkbuf_t *pkbuf = NULL;
smf_bearer_t *qos_flow = NULL;
ogs_pfcp_pdr_t *dl_pdr = NULL;
int num_of_param, rv, i;
ogs_nas_5gs_message_t message;
ogs_nas_5gs_pdu_session_modification_command_t
*pdu_session_modification_command =
&message.gsm.pdu_session_modification_command;
ogs_nas_qos_rules_t *authorized_qos_rules = NULL;
ogs_nas_qos_flow_descriptions_t *authorized_qos_flow_descriptions = NULL;
ogs_nas_qos_rule_t qos_rule[OGS_NAS_MAX_NUM_OF_QOS_RULE];
ogs_nas_qos_flow_description_t
qos_flow_description[OGS_NAS_MAX_NUM_OF_QOS_FLOW_DESCRIPTION];
authorized_qos_rules = &pdu_session_modification_command->
authorized_qos_rules;
ogs_assert(authorized_qos_rules);
authorized_qos_flow_descriptions =
&pdu_session_modification_command->authorized_qos_flow_descriptions;
ogs_assert(authorized_qos_flow_descriptions);
ogs_assert(sess);
memset(&message, 0, sizeof(message));
message.gsm.h.extended_protocol_discriminator =
OGS_NAS_EXTENDED_PROTOCOL_DISCRIMINATOR_5GSM;
message.gsm.h.pdu_session_identity = sess->psi;
message.gsm.h.procedure_transaction_identity = pti;
message.gsm.h.message_type = OGS_NAS_5GS_PDU_SESSION_MODIFICATION_COMMAND;
/* QoS rule */
if (qos_rule_code) {
i = 0;
memset(qos_rule, 0, sizeof(qos_rule));
ogs_list_for_each_entry(
&sess->qos_flow_to_modify_list, qos_flow, to_modify_node) {
ogs_assert(i < OGS_MAX_NUM_OF_BEARER);
dl_pdr = qos_flow->dl_pdr;
ogs_assert(dl_pdr);
qos_rule[i].identifier = qos_flow->qfi; /* Use QFI in Open5GS */
qos_rule[i].code = qos_rule_code;
if (qos_rule_code != OGS_NAS_QOS_CODE_DELETE_EXISTING_QOS_RULE &&
qos_rule_code != OGS_NAS_QOS_CODE_MODIFY_EXISTING_QOS_RULE_WITHOUT_MODIFYING_PACKET_FILTERS)
encode_qos_rule_packet_filter(&qos_rule[i], qos_flow);
if (qos_rule_code != OGS_NAS_QOS_CODE_DELETE_EXISTING_QOS_RULE &&
qos_rule_code != OGS_NAS_QOS_CODE_MODIFY_EXISTING_QOS_RULE_AND_DELETE_PACKET_FILTERS &&
qos_rule_code != OGS_NAS_QOS_CODE_MODIFY_EXISTING_QOS_RULE_WITHOUT_MODIFYING_PACKET_FILTERS) {
ogs_assert(dl_pdr->precedence > 0 && dl_pdr->precedence < 255);
/* Use PCC Rule Precedence */
qos_rule[i].precedence = dl_pdr->precedence;
qos_rule[i].flow.segregation = 0;
qos_rule[i].flow.identifier = qos_flow->qfi;
}
i++;
}
rv = ogs_nas_build_qos_rules(authorized_qos_rules, qos_rule, i);
ogs_expect_or_return_val(rv == OGS_OK, NULL);
ogs_expect_or_return_val(authorized_qos_rules->length, NULL);
pdu_session_modification_command->presencemask |=
OGS_NAS_5GS_PDU_SESSION_MODIFICATION_COMMAND_AUTHORIZED_QOS_RULES_PRESENT;
}
/* QoS flow descriptions */
if (qos_flow_description_code) {
i = 0;
memset(&qos_flow_description, 0, sizeof(qos_flow_description));
ogs_list_for_each_entry(
&sess->qos_flow_to_modify_list, qos_flow, to_modify_node) {
ogs_assert(i < OGS_MAX_NUM_OF_BEARER);
qos_flow_description[i].identifier = qos_flow->qfi;
qos_flow_description[i].code = qos_flow_description_code;
num_of_param = 0;
if (qos_flow_description_code !=
OGS_NAS_DELETE_NEW_QOS_FLOW_DESCRIPTION) {
qos_flow_description[i].E_bit = 1;
qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].identifier =
OGS_NAX_QOS_FLOW_PARAMETER_ID_5QI;
qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].len =
sizeof(qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].
qos_index);
qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].qos_index =
qos_flow->qos.index;
num_of_param++;
if (qos_flow->qos.gbr.uplink) {
qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].identifier =
OGS_NAX_QOS_FLOW_PARAMETER_ID_GFBR_UPLINK;
qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].len =
sizeof(qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].br);
ogs_nas_bitrate_from_uint64(
&qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].br,
qos_flow->qos.gbr.uplink);
num_of_param++;
}
if (qos_flow->qos.gbr.downlink) {
qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].identifier =
OGS_NAX_QOS_FLOW_PARAMETER_ID_GFBR_DOWNLINK;
qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].len =
sizeof(qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].br);
ogs_nas_bitrate_from_uint64(
&qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].br,
qos_flow->qos.gbr.downlink);
num_of_param++;
}
if (qos_flow->qos.mbr.uplink) {
qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].identifier =
OGS_NAX_QOS_FLOW_PARAMETER_ID_MFBR_UPLINK;
qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].len =
sizeof(qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].br);
ogs_nas_bitrate_from_uint64(
&qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].br,
qos_flow->qos.mbr.uplink);
num_of_param++;
}
if (qos_flow->qos.mbr.downlink) {
qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].identifier =
OGS_NAX_QOS_FLOW_PARAMETER_ID_MFBR_DOWNLINK;
qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].len =
sizeof(qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].br);
ogs_nas_bitrate_from_uint64(
&qos_flow_description[i].param[num_of_param].br,
qos_flow->qos.mbr.downlink);
num_of_param++;
}
}
qos_flow_description[i].num_of_parameter = num_of_param;
i++;
}
rv = ogs_nas_build_qos_flow_descriptions(
authorized_qos_flow_descriptions, qos_flow_description, i);
ogs_expect_or_return_val(rv == OGS_OK, NULL);
ogs_expect_or_return_val(
authorized_qos_flow_descriptions->length, NULL);
pdu_session_modification_command->presencemask |=
OGS_NAS_5GS_PDU_SESSION_MODIFICATION_COMMAND_AUTHORIZED_QOS_FLOW_DESCRIPTIONS_PRESENT;
}
pkbuf = ogs_nas_5gs_plain_encode(&message);
ogs_assert(pkbuf);
if (pdu_session_modification_command->presencemask &
OGS_NAS_5GS_PDU_SESSION_MODIFICATION_COMMAND_AUTHORIZED_QOS_RULES_PRESENT) {
ogs_free(authorized_qos_rules->buffer);
}
if (pdu_session_modification_command->presencemask &
OGS_NAS_5GS_PDU_SESSION_MODIFICATION_COMMAND_AUTHORIZED_QOS_FLOW_DESCRIPTIONS_PRESENT) {
ogs_free(authorized_qos_flow_descriptions->buffer);
}
return pkbuf;
}
ogs_pkbuf_t *gsm_build_pdu_session_modification_reject(
smf_sess_t *sess, ogs_nas_5gsm_cause_t gsm_cause)
{
ogs_nas_5gs_message_t message;
ogs_nas_5gs_pdu_session_modification_reject_t *
pdu_session_modification_reject =
&message.gsm.pdu_session_modification_reject;
ogs_assert(sess);
ogs_assert(gsm_cause);
memset(&message, 0, sizeof(message));
message.gsm.h.extended_protocol_discriminator =
OGS_NAS_EXTENDED_PROTOCOL_DISCRIMINATOR_5GSM;
message.gsm.h.pdu_session_identity = sess->psi;
message.gsm.h.procedure_transaction_identity = sess->pti;
message.gsm.h.message_type = OGS_NAS_5GS_PDU_SESSION_MODIFICATION_REJECT;
pdu_session_modification_reject->gsm_cause = gsm_cause;
return ogs_nas_5gs_plain_encode(&message);
}
ogs_pkbuf_t *gsm_build_pdu_session_release_command(
smf_sess_t *sess, ogs_nas_5gsm_cause_t gsm_cause)
{
ogs_nas_5gs_message_t message;
ogs_nas_5gs_pdu_session_release_command_t *pdu_session_release_command =
&message.gsm.pdu_session_release_command;
ogs_assert(sess);
ogs_assert(gsm_cause);
memset(&message, 0, sizeof(message));
message.gsm.h.extended_protocol_discriminator =
OGS_NAS_EXTENDED_PROTOCOL_DISCRIMINATOR_5GSM;
message.gsm.h.pdu_session_identity = sess->psi;
message.gsm.h.procedure_transaction_identity = sess->pti;
message.gsm.h.message_type = OGS_NAS_5GS_PDU_SESSION_RELEASE_COMMAND;
pdu_session_release_command->gsm_cause = gsm_cause;
return ogs_nas_5gs_plain_encode(&message);
}
ogs_pkbuf_t *gsm_build_pdu_session_release_reject(
smf_sess_t *sess, ogs_nas_5gsm_cause_t gsm_cause)
{
ogs_nas_5gs_message_t message;
ogs_nas_5gs_pdu_session_release_reject_t *
pdu_session_release_reject = &message.gsm.pdu_session_release_reject;
ogs_assert(sess);
ogs_assert(gsm_cause);
memset(&message, 0, sizeof(message));
message.gsm.h.extended_protocol_discriminator =
OGS_NAS_EXTENDED_PROTOCOL_DISCRIMINATOR_5GSM;
message.gsm.h.pdu_session_identity = sess->psi;
message.gsm.h.procedure_transaction_identity = sess->pti;
message.gsm.h.message_type = OGS_NAS_5GS_PDU_SESSION_RELEASE_REJECT;
pdu_session_release_reject->gsm_cause = gsm_cause;
return ogs_nas_5gs_plain_encode(&message);
}