444 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
444 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Your First LTE
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head_inline: "<style> .blue { color: blue; } .bold { font-weight: bold; } </style>"
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---
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This post is the perfect starting point for learning to build your own LTE network. View this lession as a guided introduction -- including the installation, configuration, and best practices that will ease your learning.
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### Prerequisites
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---
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First, you have to prepare USRP B200/B210 to run srsENB. However, please keep in mind that you would still need a fairly high-end PC (at least dual-core i5, better quad-core i7) with USB 3.0 to attach the USRP B200/B210.
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For USRP B200/B210, you can use a GPS antenna for clock synchronization. Of course, it can work without a GPS antenna, but if you have that antenna, it's a good to have a window near your desk where you can put the small GPS patch antenna. In my case, a 1 to 2 meters antenna cable is used between desk/computer and the window.
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This document will be described with the following equipment.
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- i5-8500 PC with Ubuntu 18.04(bionic)
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- USRP B200/B210 with USB 3.0
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- iPhone XS
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- sysmoUSIM-SJS1
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- 10Mhz GPS-DO(Optional)
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### Overall Physical Setup
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---
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If you want to use GPS antenna, setup your devices in the following order:
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1. GPS antenna near window
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2. GPS antenna connected to "GPS ANT" connector of GPS-DO (SMA)
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3. 10MHz output (BNC) of GPS-DO connected to 10MHz input of USRP (SMA)
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4. GPS input of USRP open/unused!
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5. 1PPS input of USRP open/unused!
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6. GPS-DO powered via power supply
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**Note:** When the GPS-DO acquires a lock on the GPS signal, a **GREEN** LED is displayed. GPS takes time to function normally. You also need to wait for the **RED** LED(ALARM) to turn off.
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{: .notice--warning}
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Then, setup the USRP B200/B210 as below:
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1. **4x Small Antennas** should be connected to USRP Rx/Tx ports (RF-A/RF-B)
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2. USRP powered via power supply or over **USB 3.0**
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3. USRP **USB 3.0** port connected to your PC
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### USIM Setup
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---
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Bascially, you can learn how to use it in the [sysmoUSIM manual](https://www.sysmocom.de/manuals/sysmousim-manual.pdf) or on the [official homepage of pysim project](http://osmocom.org/projects/pysim/wiki). Let's take a quickstart guide for this experiment.
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###### Install dependencies:
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install pcscd pcsc-tools libccid libpcsclite-dev python-pyscard
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```
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- Connect SIM card reader to your computer and insert programmable SIM card to the reader.
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###### Check the status of connection by entering the following command:
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```
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$ pcsc_scan
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PC/SC device scanner
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V 1.5.2 (c) 2001-2017, Ludovic Rousseau <ludovic.rousseau@free.fr>
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Using reader plug'n play mechanism
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Scanning present readers...
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0: HID Global OMNIKEY 3x21 Smart Card Reader [OMNIKEY 3x21 Smart Card Reader] 00
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Sun May 26 14:26:12 2019
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Reader 0: HID Global OMNIKEY 3x21 Smart Card Reader [OMNIKEY 3x21 Smart Card Re
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Card state: Card inserted,
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ATR: 3B 9F 96 80 1F C7 80 31 A0 73 BE 21 13 67 43 20 07 18 00 00 01 A5
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...
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```
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- If SIM card reader is recognized then we can expect to print "Card inserted".
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###### Get the code of PySIM with installing dependency:
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install python-pyscard python-serial python-pip
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$ pip install pytlv
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$ git clone git://git.osmocom.org/pysim
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```
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###### Read your SIM card:
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```
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$ ./pySim-read.py -p0 or ./pySim-read.py -p1
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Using PC/SC reader (dev=0) interface
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Reading ...
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ICCID: 8988211000000213010
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IMSI: 310789012345301
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SMSP: ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffe1ffffffffffffffffffffffff
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...
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```
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###### Program your SIM card like the followings:
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```
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./pySim-prog.py -p 0 -n Open5GS -a 62416296 -s 8988211000000213010 -i 310789012345301 -x 310 -y 789 -k 82E9053A1882085FF2C020359938DAE9 -o BFD5771AAF4F6728E9BC6EF2C2533BDB
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Using PC/SC reader (dev=0) interface
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Insert card now (or CTRL-C to cancel)
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Autodetected card type: sysmoUSIM-SJS1
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Generated card parameters :
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> Name : Open5GS
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> SMSP : e1ffffffffffffffffffffffff0581005155f5ffffffffffff000000
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> ICCID : 8988211000000213010
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> MCC/MNC : 310/789
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> IMSI : 310789012345301
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> Ki : 82E9053A1882085FF2C020359938DAE9
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> OPC : BFD5771AAF4F6728E9BC6EF2C2533BDB
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> ACC : None
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Programming ...
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Done !
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```
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**Note:** You should use your ADM value to program USIM card, not my ADM(-a 62416296).
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{: .notice--warning}
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### Installation
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---
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We will use *Ubuntu 18.04(Bionic)* installed PC.
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{: .blue .bold}
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#### 1. USRP Hardware Driver
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Most Linux distributions provide UHD as part of their package management. On *Debian and Ubuntu* systems, this will install the base UHD library, all headers and build-specific files, as well as utilities:
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```bash
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$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ettusresearch/uhd
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$ sudo apt update
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$ sudo apt install libuhd-dev libuhd003 uhd-host
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```
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After installing, you need to download the FPGA images packages by running _uhd images downloader_ on the command line (the actual path may differ based on your installation):
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```bash
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$ sudo /usr/lib/uhd/utils/uhd_images_downloader.py
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```
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#### 2. srsENB
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On *Ubuntu 18.04(Bionic)*, one can install the required libraries with:
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```bash
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$ sudo apt install cmake libfftw3-dev libmbedtls-dev libboost-program-options-dev libconfig++-dev libsctp-dev
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```
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Download and build srsLTE:
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```bash
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➜ git git clone https://github.com/srsLTE/srsLTE.git
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➜ git cd srsLTE
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➜ srsLTE git:(master) ✗ mkdir build
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➜ srsLTE git:(master) ✗ cd build
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➜ build git:(master) ✗ cmake ../
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➜ build git:(master) ✗ make
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➜ build git:(master) ✗ make test
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```
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#### 3. Open5GS
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The Open5GS package is available on the recent versions of *Ubuntu*.
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```bash
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# Getting the authentication key
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$ sudo apt install wget
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$ wget https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/acetcom:/open5gs:/latest/xUbuntu_18.04/Release.key
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$ sudo apt-key add Release.key
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# Installing Open5GS
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$ sudo sh -c "echo 'deb https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/acetcom:/open5gs:/latest/xUbuntu_18.04/ ./' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/open5gs.list"
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$ sudo apt update
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$ sudo apt install open5gs
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```
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The following shows how to install the Web UI of Open5GS.
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```bash
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$ curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_12.x | sudo -E bash -
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$ sudo apt install nodejs
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$ curl -sL http://open5gs.org/static/webui/install | sudo -E bash -
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```
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### Configuration & Running
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---
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#### 1. Open5GS
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When you purchase the sysmoUSIM, you will receive the following information via e-mail.
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```
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Title : sysmocom SIM Card Details / AM93\PICK\00859
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IMSI ICCID ACC PIN1 PUK1 PIN2 PUK2 Ki OPC ADM1 KIC1 KID1 KIK1
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...
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901700000017408 8988211000000174089 0100 3623 84724035 8774 57473966 B1233463AB9BC2AD2DB1830EB6417E7B 625150E2A943E3353DD23554101CAFD4 47190711 C865CAA0A54542333929B29B116F4375 7D7F65DCD99003C0A0D5D31CA3E5253E 5B27983AF628FC3FCB36B89300012944
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```
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Here's my subscriber information from above.
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```
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MCC/MNC : 901/70
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IMSI : 901700000017408
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K : B1233463AB9BC2AD2DB1830EB6417E7B
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OPc : 625150E2A943E3353DD23554101CAFD4
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```
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If you programmed USIM using a card reader like me, you should use your SIM information.
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```
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MCC/MNC : 310/789
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IMSI : 310789012345301
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K : 82E9053A1882085FF2C020359938DAE9
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OPc : BFD5771AAF4F6728E9BC6EF2C2533BDB
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```
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Connect to `http://localhost:3000` and login with **admin** account.
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> Username : admin
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> Password : 1423
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Then proceed as follows:
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1. Go to `Subscriber` Menu.
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2. Click `+` Button to add a new subscriber.
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3. Fill the IMSI, security context(K, OPc, AMF), and APN of the subscriber.
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4. Click `SAVE` Button
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Modify [/etc/open5gs/mme.yaml](https://github.com/{{ site.github_username }}/open5gs/blob/master/configs/open5gs/mme.yaml.in) to set the S1AP/GTP-C IP address, PLMN ID, and TAC
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```diff
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diff -u mme.yaml.old mme.yaml
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--- mme.yaml.old 2018-04-15 18:28:31.000000000 +0900
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+++ mme.yaml 2018-04-15 19:53:10.000000000 +0900
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@@ -14,18 +14,20 @@
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mme:
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freeDiameter: mme.conf
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s1ap:
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+ addr: 127.0.1.100
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gtpc:
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+ addr: 127.0.1.100
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gummei:
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plmn_id:
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- mcc: 001
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- mnc: 01
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+ mcc: 310
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+ mnc: 789
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mme_gid: 2
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mme_code: 1
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tai:
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plmn_id:
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- mcc: 001
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- mnc: 01
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- tac: 12345
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+ mcc: 310
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+ mnc: 789
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+ tac: 7
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security:
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integrity_order : [ EIA1, EIA2, EIA0 ]
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ciphering_order : [ EEA0, EEA1, EEA2 ]
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```
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S1AP/GTP-C IP address, PLMN ID, TAC are changed as follows.
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```
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S1AP address : 127.0.1.100 - srsENB default value
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GTP-C address : 127.0.1.100 - Use loopback interface
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PLMN ID : MNC(310), MCC(789) - Programmed USIM with a card reader
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TAC : 7 - srsENB default value
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```
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The GTP-U IP address will be set to 127.0.0.2. To do this, modify [/etc/open5gs/sgw.yaml](https://github.com/{{ site.github_username }}/open5gs/blob/master/configs/open5gs/sgw.yaml.in) to set the GTP-U IP address.
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```diff
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diff -u /etc/open5gs/sgw.yaml.old /etc/open5gs/sgw.yaml
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--- sgw.yaml.old 2018-04-15 18:30:25.000000000 +0900
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+++ sgw.yaml 2018-04-15 18:30:30.000000000 +0900
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@@ -14,3 +14,4 @@
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gtpc:
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addr: 127.0.0.2
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gtpu:
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+ addr: 127.0.0.2
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```
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After changing conf files, please restart Open5GS daemons.
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```bash
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$ sudo systemctl restart open5gs-mmed
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$ sudo systemctl restart open5gs-sgwd
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```
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If your phone can connect to internet, you must run the following command in Open5GS-PGW installed host.
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```bash
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### Check IP Tables
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$ sudo iptables -L
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Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
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target prot opt source destination
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Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
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target prot opt source destination
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Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
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target prot opt source destination
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### Check NAT Tables
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$ sudo iptables -L -t nat
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Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
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target prot opt source destination
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Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
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target prot opt source destination
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Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
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target prot opt source destination
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Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
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target prot opt source destination
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### Enable IPv4 Forwarding
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$ sudo sh -c "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward"
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### Add NAT Rule
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$ sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 45.45.0.0/16 ! -o ogstun -j MASQUERADE
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```
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**Note:** For the first time, it is a good condition if you do not have any rules in the IP/NAT tables. If a program such as docker has already set up a rule, you will need to add a rule differently.
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{: .notice--danger}
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#### 2. srsENB
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Change back to the srsENB source directory and copy the main config example as well as all additional config files for RR, SIB and DRB.
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```bash
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➜ srsLTE git:(master) ✗ cp srsenb/enb.conf.example srsenb/enb.conf
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➜ srsLTE git:(master) ✗ cp srsenb/rr.conf.example srsenb/rr.conf
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➜ srsLTE git:(master) ✗ cp srsenb/sib.conf.example srsenb/sib.conf
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➜ srsLTE git:(master) ✗ cp srsenb/drb.conf.example srsenb/drb.conf
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```
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You should check your phone frequency. If your phone does not support Band-3, you should use a different DL EARFCN value.
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```diff
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--- enb.conf.example 2018-11-19 18:16:06.953631893 +0900
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+++ enb.conf 2019-04-08 11:15:18.051261318 +0900
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@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
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cell_id = 0x01
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phy_cell_id = 1
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tac = 0x0007
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-mcc = 001
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-mnc = 01
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+mcc = 310
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+mnc = 789
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mme_addr = 127.0.1.100
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gtp_bind_addr = 127.0.1.1
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s1c_bind_addr = 127.0.1.1
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@@ -66,12 +66,13 @@
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# Default "auto". B210 USRP: 400 us, bladeRF: 0 us.
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#####################################################################
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[rf]
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-dl_earfcn = 3400
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+dl_earfcn = 1600
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tx_gain = 80
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rx_gain = 40
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#device_name = auto
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#device_args = auto
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+device_args="clock=external"
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#time_adv_nsamples = auto
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#burst_preamble_us = auto
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```
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PLMN ID, DL EARFCN, and Device Argument are updated as belows.
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```
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PLMN ID : MNC(310), MCC(789) programmed USIM with a card reader
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DL EARFCN : Band-3 - from your Phone
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Device Argument : Clock source from external GPS-DO
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```
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If you do not use the GPS-DO, you should use:
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```diff
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#device_name = auto
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-#device_args = auto
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+device_args = auto
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#time_adv_nsamples = auto
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#burst_preamble_us = auto
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```
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Now, run the srsENB as follows:
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```bash
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➜ srsLTE git:(master) ✗ cd srsenb/
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➜ srsenb git:(master) ✗ sudo ../build/srsenb/src/srsenb ./enb.conf
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linux; GNU C++ version 6.2.0 20161027; Boost_106200; UHD_003.009.005-0-unknow
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--- Software Radio Systems LTE eNodeB ---
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Reading configuration file ./enb.conf...
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-- Loading firmware image: /usr/share/uhd/images/usrp_b200_fw.hex...
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Opening USRP with args: "",master_clock_rate=30.72e6
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-- Detected Device: B200
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-- Loading FPGA image: /usr/share/uhd/images/usrp_b200_fpga.bin... done
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-- Operating over 'USB 2'.
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-- Detecting internal GPSDO.... 'No GPSDO found'
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-- Initialize CODEC control...
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-- Initialize Radio control...
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-- Performing register loopback test... pass
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-- Performing CODEC loopback test... pass
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-- Asking for clock rate 30.720000 MHz...
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-- Actually got clock rate 30.720000 MHz.
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-- Performing timer loopback test... pass
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Setting frequency: DL=1845.0 Mhz, UL=1750.0 MHz
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Setting Sampling frequency 11.52 MHz
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==== eNodeB started ===
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Type <t> to view trace
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```
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If you see the `No GPSDO found`, please exit the program with Ctrl-C.
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And also, if you see the `USB 2`, it will not be working properly.
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The following console output is the correct result of srsENB.
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```bash
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linux; GNU C++ version 6.2.0 20161027; Boost_106200; UHD_003.009.005-0-unknow
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--- Software Radio Systems LTE eNodeB ---
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Reading configuration file ./enb.conf...
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Opening USRP with args: "",master_clock_rate=30.72e6
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-- Detected Device: B200
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-- Operating over USB 3.
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-- Initialize CODEC control...
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-- Initialize Radio control...
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-- Performing register loopback test... pass
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-- Performing CODEC loopback test... pass
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-- Asking for clock rate 30.720000 MHz...
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-- Actually got clock rate 30.720000 MHz.
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-- Performing timer loopback test... pass
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Setting frequency: DL=1845.0 Mhz, UL=1750.0 MHz
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Setting Sampling frequency 11.52 MHz
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==== eNodeB started ===
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Type <t> to view trace
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```
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### Turn on your eNodeB and Phone
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---
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- You can see actual traffic through wireshark -- [[srsenb.pcapng]]({{ site.url }}{{ site.baseurl }}/assets/pcapng/srsenb.pcapng).
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- You can view the log at `/var/log/open5gs/*.log`.
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