This is a first step to simplify the default environment. Move all
the environment variables which are only needed for debugging
purpose to textfiles in the scripts directory. In case of debugging
these files can be loaded via tftp into RAM and set via the env import
command. Other variables are identified as obsolete and were removed.
Signed-off-by: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
cc: Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
cc: Detlev Zundel <dzu@denx.de>
BoardId and HWKey are used to identify the HW class of a given board.
The correct values are stored in the inventory eeprom. During creation
time of a boot package the boardId and HWkey for the SW is stored in
the default environment and burned into the flash. During boottime
the values in the inventory and in the environment are compared to
avoid starting of a SW which is not authorized for this board.
Some bootpackages are allowed to run on a set of different boardId
hwKey. In this case the environment variable boardIdListHex was added
to the default environment. In this case the command iterates over the
pair values and compares them with the values read from the inventory
eeprom.
The syntax of such a boardIdListHex value is e.g.: 158_1 159_1 159_2
Signed-off-by: Thomas Herzmann <thomas.herzmann@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
cc: Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
cc: Detlev Zundel <dzu@denx.de>
Read out board id and HW key from the IVM eeprom and set
these values as an environment variable.
Signed-off-by: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
cc: Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
cc: Detlev Zundel <dzu@denx.de>
cc: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
This patch adds support for the MPC8247 based board mgcoge3ne.
Additionaly mgcoge2ne board supprot was removed, because due
to the mgcoge3ne, this board is obsolete and not longer
maintained.
The board is similar to mgcoge. The difference is that
a NUMONYX flash is used and a different SDRAM (256MB).
Also introduce CONFIG_KM_82XX to collect ppc82xx common
settings and remove staticness from the common set_pin function.
Signed-off-by: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
cc: Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
cc: Detlev Zundel <dzu@denx.de>
Introduce a struct for the BFTICU FPGA to increase the readability of
the code. And the define CONFIG_SYS_BFTICU_BASE was removed because
the CONFIG_SYS_FPGA_BASE is already the base value for BFTICU registers.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Huber <andreas.huber@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
cc: Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
cc: Detlev Zundel <dzu@denx.de>
The directory and file mgcoge was renamed to km82xx.
Because other keymile 82xx will follow and will use the
same platform code.
Signed-off-by: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
cc: Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
cc: Detlev Zundel <dzu@denx.de>
cc: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
The hdlc implementation for mgcoge was initially developed,
but later on not used. Remove the C files, the references
in mgcoge.c and the Makefile to decrease maintenance effort.
Signed-off-by: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
cc: Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
cc: Detlev Zundel <dzu@denx.de>
cc: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
This patch adds last_stage_init to all keymile boards. And
in the last stage init some environment variables for u-boot
were set. Currently these are pnvramaddr, pram and var address.
Signed-off-by: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
Acked-by: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@freescale.com>
cc: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
cc: Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
cc: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@freescale.com>
Normaly the PIGGY_MAC_ADRESS can be read directly from the
IVM on keymile boards. On mgcoge3 it differs. Because there
are two piggy boards deployed the second MAC adress must be
calculated with the IVM mac adress and an offset. This patch
allows to set such a offset in the board config.
Signed-off-by: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
cc: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
cc: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
define KM_IVM_BUS and KM_ENV_BUS macros
KM_IVM_BUS is used to define the EEprom_ivm environment variable.
These macros allow the reuse of these I2C addresses in other code
locations.
remove unneeded code
On first HW versions the BOCO FPGA was behind a MUX device. These
HW versions are not supported anymore. And therefore this code can
be removed.
added LED initialization for SUEN3
The bootstat LED required to be initialized so to have a green
colour after start-up.
define CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE
This is needed by the relocation code and is not the same for
our ARM BEC and thus needs to be defined.
remove memsize variable
An environment variable for memsize is not needed.
this can be get via the board info struct.
remove unneeded double access to bi_dram[i].size field
Signed-off-by: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Luca Haab <luca.haab@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
cc: Prafulla Wadaskar <prafulla@marvell.com>
This patch fix the i2c deblocking facility with the i2c HW-Controller.
The required delays for byte reading, the enhanced criteria for stop
the dummy read and required 5 start/stop sequences are added.
Add i2c deblocking before ivm eeprom read.
Improve i2c deblocking sequence by respecting stop hold time.
Cleaned function for deblocking. Have now one function i2c_make_abort()
available for bitbang, mpc82xx and mpc83xx harware controller.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Bigler <stefan.bigler@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
cc: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
For the kmsupx5 a new header file was introduced km8321-common.h.
Now the common stuff from tuxa1, tuda1 and suvd3 was removed and
the new header file included.
The defines CONFIG_SYS_PIGGY_BASE and CONFIG_SYS_PIGGY_SIZE are
confusing. Because they actually describe the KMBEC FPGA values.
The KMBEC FPGA can be PRIO on kmeter1 or upio on mgcoge. Therefore
all the defines were renamed.
remove unneeded variable CONFIG_KM_DEF_NETDEV, as it is
already declared in keymile-common.h
Signed-off-by: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
Acked-by: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@freescale.com>
cc: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@freescale.com>
cc: Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
cc: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
These new values are:
- enables UART0 and UART1 pins in MPP
- define some L2 cache settings
- changes a SDRAM timing to better fit the hardware
- removed three writes that were the same as the reset values
Signed-off-by: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
cc: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
cc: Prafulla Wadaskar <prafulla@marvell.com>
This patch renames the suen3 defines and functions to KM_KIRKWOOD
which is more generic and more precise, because these values
and functions where used by all suenX boards and not only suen3.
Signed-off-by: Lukas Roggli <lukas.roggli@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
cc: Prafulla Wadaskar <prafulla@marvell.com>
The mgcoge2 board from keymile deploys two different processors.
An ARM based Kirkwood for the "unit" part of the SW and a PPC for
the "ne" part of the SW. Therefore in Linux and U-Boot the names
for the board are mgcoge2un and mgcoge2ne. This patch adds the
mgcoge2ne part of the board. The ppc part of mgboge2 is quite
similar to mgcoge, therefore a generic header km82xx-common.h
was introduced to collect all similiarities. Currently the only
difference is that mgcoge2ne has a 64 MB numonyx NOR flash with
a single die. The mgcoge has a dual die flash 2*32MB from spansion.
Signed-off-by: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
cc: Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
cc: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
- serial console on UART1
- Ethernet RMII over UCC4
- PHY SMSC LAN8700
- 64MB Flash
- 128 MB DDR2 RAM
- I2C
- bootcount
This board is similiar to the kmeter1 (8360) board,
so common config options are extracted into the
include/configs/km83xx-common.h file.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
Acked-by: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@freescale.com>
cc: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@freescale.com>
cc: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
cc: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
- use I/O accessors
-> For accessing the FPGA therefore a struct km_bec_fpga
is introduced.
- no longer externs needed
- to defines, that only select functions, don;t assign a
numeric value
- Codingstyle changes to prevent checkpatch errors/warnings
Signed-off-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
Acked-by: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@freescale.com>
cc: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@freescale.com>
cc: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
cc: Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
cc: Detlev Zundel <dzu@denx.de>
cc: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
cc: Prafulla Wadaskar <prafulla@marvell.com>
The MACH_TYPE SUEN3 is now to specific for keymile boards, because
other boards similar to suen3 will follow. So the MACH_SUEN3 was renamed
to MACH_KM_KIRKWOOD.
Signed-off-by: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
cc: Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
cc: Valentin Longchamp <valentin.longchamp@keymile.com>
cc: Prafulla Wadaskar <prafulla@marvell.com>
This reads the DIP switch on mgcoge. The DIP switch is connected to
the BFTICU (0x40000089) FPGA. If the DIP switch is set the environment
variable 'actual_bank' is set to 0 and starts the SW in bank0.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Huber <andreas.huber@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
On first HW versions the BOCO FPGA was behind a MUX device. These
HW versions are not supported anymore. And therefore this code can
be removed, it is already unused.
Signed-off-by: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
The MPC852 based mgsuvd and kmsupx4 boards from keymile
were initially ported but later on not developed further. So
the respective files were removed to avoid unneeded merging
and maintenance.
Signed-off-by: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Schocher<hs@denx.de>
Before this commit, weak symbols were not overridden by non-weak symbols
found in archive libraries when linking with recent versions of
binutils. As stated in the System V ABI, "the link editor does not
extract archive members to resolve undefined weak symbols".
This commit changes all Makefiles to use partial linking (ld -r) instead
of creating library archives, which forces all symbols to participate in
linking, allowing non-weak symbols to override weak symbols as intended.
This approach is also used by Linux, from which the gmake function
cmd_link_o_target (defined in config.mk and used in all Makefiles) is
inspired.
The name of each former library archive is preserved except for
extensions which change from ".a" to ".o". This commit updates
references accordingly where needed, in particular in some linker
scripts.
This commit reveals board configurations that exclude some features but
include source files that depend these disabled features in the build,
resulting in undefined symbols. Known such cases include:
- disabling CMD_NET but not CMD_NFS;
- enabling CONFIG_OF_LIBFDT but not CONFIG_QE.
Signed-off-by: Sebastien Carlier <sebastien.carlier@gmail.com>
When this define was introduced, the idea was to provide a soft
migration path for ARM boards to get adapted to the new relocation
support. However, other recent changes led to a different
implementation (ELF relocation), where this no longer works. By now
CONFIG_SYS_ARM_WITHOUT_RELOC does not only not help any more, but it
actually hurts because it obfuscates the actual code by sprinkling it
with lots of dead and non-working debris.
So let's make a clean cut and drop CONFIG_SYS_ARM_WITHOUT_RELOC.
Signed-off-by: Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
Tested-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
Tested-by: Reinhard Meyer <u-boot@emk-elektronik.de>
After moving the definition of CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE to the respective
board config files, all Marvell kirkwood board have just a single and
common entry in their config.mk files:
KWD_CONFIG = $(SRCTREE)/board/$(BOARDDIR)/kwbimage.cfg
Replace the only reference to KWD_CONFIG in the top level Makefile by
an equivalent setting, and remove all kirkwood config.mk files.
Signed-off-by: Wolfgang Denk <wd at denx.de>
Cc: Prafulla Wadaskar <prafulla at marvell.com>
Cc: Siddarth Gore <gores at marvell.com>
Cc: Simon Kagstrom <simon.kagstrom at netinsight.net>
Cc: Heiko Schocher <hs at denx.de>
Cc: Eric Cooper <ecc at cmu.edu>
Acked-by: Wolfgang Denk <wd at denx.de>
Signed-off-by: Prafulla Wadaskar <prafulla@marvell.com>
- use internal 2k security SRAM as RAM for early stack.
- do early inits in board_init_f()
Signed-off-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
Cc: Prafulla Wadaskar <prafulla@marvell.com>
Clean up Makefile, and drop a lot of the config.mk files on the way.
We now also automatically pick all boards that are listed in
boards.cfg (and with all configurations), so we can drop the redundant
entries from MAKEALL to avoid building these twice.
Signed-off-by: Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
The change is currently needed to be able to remove the board
configuration scripting from the top level Makefile and replace it by
a simple, table driven script.
Moving this configuration setting into the "CONFIG_*" name space is
also desirable because it is needed if we ever should move forward to
a Kconfig driven configuration system.
Signed-off-by: Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
Change the implementation for arm926 to relocate the code to
an arbitrary address in RAM.
Adapt the TX25 (i.MX25), magnesium board to test the changes.
On the tx25 board TEXT_BASE is set to the final relocation
address to prevent one more copying of u-boot code
when relocating. More info see:
doc/README.arm-relocation
da850 board:
Tested-by: Ben Gardiner <bengardiner@nanometrics.ca>
Portions of this work were supported by funding from
the CE Linux Forum.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
Cc: Ben Gardiner <bengardiner@nanometrics.ca>
since commit 1384f3bb8a ethernet names
with spaces drop a
Warning: eth device name has a space!
message. This patch fix it for:
- "FEC ETHERNET" devices found on
mpc512x, mpc5xxx, mpc8xx and mpc8220 boards.
renamed to "FEC".
- "SCC ETHERNET" devices found on
mpc8xx, mpc82xx based boards. Renamed to "SCC".
- "HDLC ETHERNET" devices found on mpc8xx boards
Renamed to "HDLC"
- "FCC ETHERNET" devices found on mpc8260 and mpc85xx based
boards. Renamed to "FCC"
Tested on the kup4k board.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ben Warren <biggerbadderben@gmail.com>
Lots of code use this construct:
cmd_usage(cmdtp);
return 1;
Change cmd_usage() let it return 1 - then we can replace all these
ocurrances by
return cmd_usage(cmdtp);
This fixes a few places with incorrect return code handling, too.
Signed-off-by: Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
The hush shell dynamically allocates (and re-allocates) memory for the
argument strings in the "char *argv[]" argument vector passed to
commands. Any code that modifies these pointers will cause serious
corruption of the malloc data structures and crash U-Boot, so make
sure the compiler can check that no such modifications are being done
by changing the code into "char * const argv[]".
This modification is the result of debugging a strange crash caused
after adding a new command, which used the following argument
processing code which has been working perfectly fine in all Unix
systems since version 6 - but not so in U-Boot:
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
while (--argc > 0 && **++argv == '-') {
/* ====> */ while (*++*argv) {
switch (**argv) {
case 'd':
debug++;
break;
...
default:
usage ();
}
}
}
...
}
The line marked "====>" will corrupt the malloc data structures and
usually cause U-Boot to crash when the next command gets executed by
the shell. With the modification, the compiler will prevent this with
an
error: increment of read-only location '*argv'
N.B.: The code above can be trivially rewritten like this:
while (--argc > 0 && **++argv == '-') {
char *arg = *argv;
while (*++arg) {
switch (*arg) {
...
Signed-off-by: Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
Acked-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
As discussed on the list, move "arch/ppc" to "arch/powerpc" to
better match the Linux directory structure.
Please note that this patch also changes the "ppc" target in
MAKEALL to "powerpc" to match this new infrastructure. But "ppc"
is kept as an alias for now, to not break compatibility with
scripts using this name.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Roese <sr@denx.de>
Acked-by: Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
Acked-by: Detlev Zundel <dzu@denx.de>
Acked-by: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@freescale.com>
Cc: Peter Tyser <ptyser@xes-inc.com>
Cc: Anatolij Gustschin <agust@denx.de>
Now that the other architecture-specific lib directories have been
moved out of the top-level directory there's not much reason to have the
'_generic' suffix on the common lib directory.
Signed-off-by: Peter Tyser <ptyser@xes-inc.com>
Also move lib_$ARCH/config.mk to arch/$ARCH/config.mk
This change is intended to clean up the top-level directory structure
and more closely mimic Linux's directory organization.
Signed-off-by: Peter Tyser <ptyser@xes-inc.com>
Add support for the ARM part of the mgcoge2, named suen3.
This board is based on the Marvell Kirkwood (88F6281) SoC.
As there come more board variants, common config options
are collected in include/configs/km_arm.h. Also, this board
use common code for all keymile boards, which is stored in
board/keymile/common/common.c
Signed-off-by: Holger Brunck <holger.brunck@keymile.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Roese <sr@denx.de>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
The following changes allow U-Boot to fully relocate from flash to
RAM:
- Remove linker scripts' .fixup sections from the .text section
- Add -mrelocatable to PLATFORM_RELFLAGS for all boards
- Define CONFIG_RELOC_FIXUP_WORKS for all boards
Previously, U-Boot would partially relocate, but statically initialized
pointers needed to be manually relocated.
Signed-off-by: Peter Tyser <ptyser@xes-inc.com>
Remove Ethernet node fixup from mgcoge and muas3001 boards and modify its
configs for the common mpc8260 code to use generic Ethernet fixup.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Ziswiler <marcel.ziswiler@noser.com>
Tested-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
When updating the "reg" in the "/localbus/flash@f0000000,0" node
size was wrong updated for the first flash, because the total
size was filled in, instead of the right size for it.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
Signed-off-by: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@freescale.com>
This patch adds the possibility to call a board specific
i2c bus reset routine for the fsl_i2c bus driver, and adds
this option for the keymile kmeter1 board.
The deblock sequence for this board is implemented and
tested in the following way:
CR = 0x20 (release SDA and SCL pin)
CR = 0xa0 (start read)
dummy read
dummy read
if 2. dummy read == 0x00
3. dummy read
CR = 0x80 (SDA and SCL now 1 SR = 0x86)
CR = 0x00 (Modul reset SR=0x81)
CR = 0x80 (SDA and SCL = 1, SR = 0x81)
Signed-off-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
- CONFIG_SYS_MAX_I2C_BUS changed to 1
We use only one I2C hardwarecontroller on this boards, so
change the CONFIG_SYS_MAX_I2C_BUS to 1.
- common: dont print errormsg if second IVM Block lacks.
- 82xx, mgcoge: fix double mtdpart entry in environment
- 82xx, mgcoge: activate on second Flash the second bank.
- common: CONFIG_ENV_SIZE 0x4000 for all keymile boards
- common: Change malloc size to 1MByte for all Keymile boards
We need a bigger malloc area for the environment support (128k)
on some Keymile boards (kmeter1) and the upcoming UBI support.
Change it to 1MB for all Keymile boards to be on the save side.
Also define CONFIG_SYS_64BIT_VSPRINTF which is needed for
UBI/UBIFS support.
- Add UBI support to all Keymile boards
- change manner of writing "/localbus/ranges" node
instead of writting the complete "/localbus/ranges" node
before booting Linux, only update the ranges entries
which gets dynamical detected (size of flashes).
This is needed, because keymile adds in the DTS
"/localbus/ranges" node entries, which u-boot must
not overwrite/delete.
- kmeter, mgcoge: define 2 seperate regions needed for the Intel P30 chips
The Intel P30 chip has 2 non-identical chips on
one die, so we need to define 2 seperate regions
that are scanned by physmap_of independantly.
- kmeter1: Add MTD concat support to Keymile boards
- 82xx, mgcoge: add "unlock=yes" to default environment
- added CONFIG_MTD_DEVICE to get in sync with mainline code
Signed-off-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Roese <sr@denx.de>
Update 83xx architecture's CONFIG_ECC_INIT_VIA_DDRC references to
CONFIG_ECC_INIT_VIA_DDRCONTROLLER, which other Freescale architectures
use
Signed-off-by: Peter Tyser <ptyser@xes-inc.com>
Acked-by: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <galak@kernel.crashing.org>
Many of the help messages were not really helpful; for example, many
commands that take no arguments would not print a correct synopsis
line, but "No additional help available." which is not exactly wrong,
but not helpful either.
Commit ``Make "usage" messages more helpful.'' changed this
partially. But it also became clear that lots of "Usage" and "Help"
messages (fields "usage" and "help" in struct cmd_tbl_s respective)
were actually redundant.
This patch cleans this up - for example:
Before:
=> help dtt
dtt - Digital Thermometer and Thermostat
Usage:
dtt - Read temperature from digital thermometer and thermostat.
After:
=> help dtt
dtt - Read temperature from Digital Thermometer and Thermostat
Usage:
dtt
Signed-off-by: Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
Holger Brunck
Thomas Herzmann
Huber, Andreas
Heiko Schocher
Wolfgang Denk
Sebastien Carlier
Prafulla Wadaskar
Heiko Schocher
Heiko Schocher
Stefan Roese
Peter Tyser
Marcel Ziswiler